Disease relevance of Lyz

• ADC were consistently more effective than LDC in presenting soluble (hen egg lysozyme) and particulate (heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes) antigens to antigen-sensitized T cells [1].
• Acute myelogenous leukemia of the Wistar/Furth rat: establishment of a continuous tissue culture line producing lysozyme in vitro and in vivo [2].
• In contrast, morphometric analysis of anionic sites stained with lysozyme and protamine sulfate reveals interspacings of 642 A and 585 A, respectively; in addition, these tracers produce major glomerular ultrastructural alterations and induce transient proteinuria [3].
• The output of lysozyme into the venous and lymphatic drainage of a B.C.G. experimental granuloma has been studied [4].
• Lysozyme secretion by submucosal glands protects the airway from bacterial infection [5].

Psychiatry related information on Lyz

• The digestibility of lysozyme modified by glucose decreased depending on reaction time [6].

High impact information on Lyz

• Regulated expression was tested after microinjection of the lysozyme deletion mutants into primary cultures of chicken oviduct cells using fluorescent antibodies against T antigen [7].
• Using the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor for binding studies, two separate binding sites have been identified: a strong binding site that is destroyed by deletion of lysozyme sequences between positions -74 and -39 and a weaker binding site contained between positions -208 and -161 upstream of the lysozyme cap site [7].
• Deletion of lysozyme gene sequences upstream of position - 164 was accompanied by loss of both progesterone- and glucocorticoid-induced expression [7].
• We have constructed a series of deletion mutants in the lysozyme promoter region fused to the SV40 T-antigen coding region [7].
• Lysozyme, an enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of a beta-1----4 glycosidic linkage in polysaccharides, has been shown to be structurally related to alpha-LA and it has been proposed that they have arisen from a common ancestral gene [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Lyz

• The combined effect of the salivary peroxidase system and lysozyme on the glucose uptake of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 was investigated [9].
• Lysozyme, ribonuclease, and myoglobin each exacerbated ischemic damage (increased tubular necrosis, cast formation, azotemia), but to comparable degrees (e.g., blood urea nitrogen range 75 +/- 8 to 100 +/- 5 mg/dl versus controls, 29 +/- 2 to 36 +/- 7; p less than 0.01) [10].
• In conclusion, infection of Salmonella typhi substantially caused gastric oxidative stress and disruption of gastric mucosal barriers, consequently resulted in gastric hemorrhagic ulcerations that were effectively ameliorated by ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride and various antioxidants [11].
• This research first proposed that Salmonella typhi-infection could result in gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcers that were ameliorated by ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride and several antioxidants, including exogenous glutathione (GSH), allopurinol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) [11].
• In conclusion, a specific delivery of doxorubicin to the urinary bladder combined with a reduced toxicity of doxorubicin in the kidneys can be achieved by coupling this anti-tumor drug to the low-molecular weight protein lysozyme via an acid-labile linker [12].

Biological context of Lyz

• Our finding raises the possibility that the gene duplication event responsible for the origin of lactalbumin from lysozyme was more ancient than is generally supposed [13].
• The rat genome also possesses two lysozyme genes, which implies that the duplication of the lysozyme gene preceded the mouse-rat divergence [14].
• Exon 1 contains most of the amino acid substitutions that distinguish mouse M from mouse P lysozyme or rat 1 from rat 2 lysozyme [14].
• Then the intestinal absorption of Lyz derivatives was evaluated by measuring the radioactivity in plasma and tissues, after the administration of an (111)In-labeled derivative to an in situ closed loop of the jejunum [15].
• The cells possess some of the typical characteristics of macrophages, such as adherence to glass, phagocytosis, presence of Fc receptors and C3d receptors, la determinants, leukocyte common antigen, lysozyme, non-specific esterase, and glycogen [16].

Anatomical context of Lyz

• Intragastric lysozyme chloride (50-200 mg/kg) injected three times daily produced a dose-dependent attenuation of various gastric parameters in the acid-irrigated stomachs of antral ulcer rats [17].
• Hepatic PTPase activity was measured using two artificial substrates phosphorylated on tyrosine: reduced, carboxyamidomethylated, and maleylated lysozyme (P-Tyr-RCML) and myelin basic protein (P-Tyr-MBP), as well as an autophosphorylated 48-kD insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain (P-Tyr-IRKD) [18].
• Anti-Mo1 antibody did not inhibit PMA-stimulated neutrophil release of granule constituents or toxic O2 metabolites as evidenced by lysozyme and lactoferrin release or the reduction of ferricytochrome c in the lung perfusate [19].
• Serum, urine, and ascitic fluid from rats with transplanted leukemia also contained elevated levels of lysozyme [2].
• Moreover, lysozyme activity, which is a typical biochemical marker of macrophages, was induced in M1 cells by prostaglandin E alone, as well as by inducers of differentiation [20].

Associations of Lyz with chemical compounds

• The protective effects of lysozyme chloride and antioxidants on this ulcer model were also evaluated [17].
• Role of acid back-diffusion, glutathione, oxyradical, and histamine in antral hemorrhagic ulcer in rats: the protective effect of lysozyme chloride and antioxidants [17].
• Arachidonic acid stimulated activity 4-14-fold, with half-maximal stimulation at 50-100 microM, when assayed in the presence of a variety of phosphosubstrates including casein, reduced carboxamidomethylated and maleylated lysozyme, myelin basic protein, and histone [21].
• Hen egg lysozyme immobilized onto polystyrene beads and injected intratracheally yielded comparable results to those observed with HKL [22].
• Through a simple sequence of Tris/EDTA/lysozyme treatment, osmotic lysis, and alkaline pH washes, the processed beta subunit fragment can be prepared in greater than 95% purity and at a yield of greater than 20 mg/liter of culture [23].

Physical interactions of Lyz

• (6) Heat shock protein 90 bound to monomyristoylated lysozyme, but not to control unmodified lysozyme [24].

Regulatory relationships of Lyz

• Megalin expressed in the lower intestine appears not to have a significant role in the absorption of lysozyme [25].
• Levels of mRNA for the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (indicator of alterations in axon-Schwann cell interactions) and for lysozyme (marker for phagocytic macrophages) were both up-regulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner which correlated with the presence of segmental demyelination [26].

Other interactions of Lyz

• In contrast, expression of the goblet cell markers, Muc2 and trefoil factor 3, and the Paneth cell marker, lysozyme, was maintained after MTX in both PP and NP epithelium [27].
• CONCLUSIONS: We identified three plasma proteins-MRP-8, MRP-14, and lysozyme-that increased during small bowel allograft rejection [28].
• These Ito cells showed enhanced immunostaining for desmin and actin but were negative for lysozyme [29].
• Areas became strongly positive for fibronectin and were infiltrated with inflammatory cells positive for lysozyme [29].
• The effect is not obtained with other low molecular weight basic proteins (lysozyme, cytochrome c, or histone H2B) [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Lyz

• To determine the source of FN mRNA, we conducted a series of in situ hybridization studies with probes for FN and lysozyme, a macrophage-specific marker [31].
• When radioactive lysozyme was injected into dextran-treated rats, there was less filtration of the protein in the kidneys than there was in the controls, but the rate of degradation of the labeled protein in slices prepared from the renal cortex and incubated in vitro was the same in the two groups [32].
• To determine whether this impairment is due to a deficiency of extracellular bactericidal factors, the antipneumococcal activity of free fatty acids (FFA) in lung surfactant and the levels of lysozyme and transferrin in lavage fluids were quantified [33].
• Electron microscope autoradiography revealed that radioactive lysozyme reabsorbed by the tubule cells had a similar location in both control- and dextran-treated rats [32].
• SDS-PAGE and Western blotting of lamellar bodies (LB) using a polyclonal anti-human lysozyme (anti-HLZ) demonstrated a single band at 15 kD that was significantly enriched over rat lung homogenates, isolated lysosomes, and type II cell lysates [34].

References