Disease relevance of Leukapheresis

• We have shown that sufficient PBPC for transplantation can be obtained at a single leukapheresis after mobilization with routine chemotherapy and filgrastim in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, even those heavily pretreated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)[1]
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma received CTX at 300 or 1,000 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.). Leukapheresis was performed to harvest peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) either just before the CTX dose, or when the patient was either entering or recovering from the leukocyte nadir induced by CTX [2].
• PURPOSE: To improve autologous leukapheresis strategies in high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients with extensive bone marrow involvement at diagnosis [3].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: In both protocols, patients received induction IL-2 at 6 x 10(6) U/m2/d on days 1 to 5, and underwent leukapheresis on days 7 to 9 at the peak of rebound lymphocytosis [4].
• Mammaglobin expression in leukapheresis products is a predictive marker of poor prognosis in women with high-risk breast cancer [5].

High impact information on Leukapheresis

• Patients received both 1.8 to 18.4 X 10(10) autologous LAK cells, generated from lymphocytes obtained through multiple leukaphereses, and up to 90 doses of interleukin-2 [6].
• Modulation of monocyte activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by leukapheresis therapy [7].
• The number of the receptors for IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha was not changed between first and third leukapheresis [7].
• Cells obtained from the first leukapheresis constitutively released large amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), neopterin, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) [7].
• PBL collected by leukopheresis from each patient were thus cultured for 10 days with RIL 2, labeled with 111In-oxine, and then infused directly into the renal artery of the affected kidney via a catheter [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Leukapheresis

• Circulating haematopoietic progenitors from 36 cancer patients were collected by continuous-flow leukapheresis during the phase of rapid haematopoietic recovery after pancytopenia induced by high-dose cyclophosphamide and then cryopreserved for autologous transplantation [9].
• METHODS: From 1998 to 2002, 35 patients with moderate-to-severe recurrence of ulcerative colitis were treated by intravenous prednisolone only or prednisolone plus leukocytapheresis once per week [10].
• Eleven patients with Sézary syndrome were treated with intermittent leukapheresis in addition to low-dose chlorambucil and prednisone [11].
• DNCB reactivity and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to common recall antigens were performed 2 weeks before, immediately before, and after leukapheresis, at 7 days and at 4 to 6 weeks following leukapheresis [12].
• After prompt cytoreductive therapy with leukapheresis and hydroxyurea, resolution of portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension was achieved within a in one-month period [13].

Biological context of Leukapheresis

• Total colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and mononuclear cell counts were also significantly higher in the SCF group in the first leukapheresis and in all leukaphereses [14].
• In the current study, the changes in T-cell subsets as well as CD34+ cells were determined in one blood volume leukapheresis products of six normal individuals given G-CSF [15].
• Similarly, CD34+ cells isolated from the leukapheresis product did not differ significantly in immunophenotype or cell cycle status before or after G-CSF and/or SCF administration [16].
• We have previously reported that patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and depressed in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation to soluble recall antigens (anergic subgroup) improve clinically after repeated short-term leukapheresis, whereas patients with normal responses (nonanergic subgroup) do not [17].
• As the number of nucleoside transporters in the cell membrane [nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR) binding sites] has been related to the percentage of cells in S-phase and to cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) cellular pharmacology, these were also measured before and after leukapheresis [18].

Anatomical context of Leukapheresis

• To determine if SCs are an absolute requirement for the differentiation of human hematopoietic precursors into fully mature, osteoclasts (OCs), CD34+ cells were mobilized into the peripheral circulation with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, harvested by leukapheresis, and purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting [19].
• The effects of the cationic anesthetic agents tetracaine and lidocaine on granulocyte function, morphology, and adherence to nylon fibers were studied in an attempt to improve current methods of granulocyte collection by filtration leukapheresis (FL) [20].
• The leukapheresis products from 20 patients mobilized using cyclophosphamide (Cy) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were examined for progenitor cell content [21].
• During the third week after HD-CTX (ie, when CD34+ cells peak in the circulation), large-scale collection of PB leukocytes by three to four continuous-flow leukaphereses allows the yield of 2.19 to 2.73 x 10(9) or 0.45 to 0.56 x 10(9) CD34+ cells depending on whether or not patients receive rHuGM-CSF [22].
• To obtain a significant debulking of unwanted cells from the leukapheresis, we developed a modified protocol of immune rosetting whereby human ABO-Rh- compatible red blood cells (RBCs) are treated with chromium chloride and then coated with murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against leukocyte antigens [23].

Associations of Leukapheresis with chemical compounds

• Certain therapeutic interventions, including leukapheresis, temporary cessation of therapy with all-trans retinoic acid, and cytotoxic chemotherapy in moderate doses were not useful after respiratory distress was established [24].
• Filtration leukapheresis: effects of donor stimulation with dexamethasone [25].
• PBPC were collected by 2-hour single-blood volume leukapheresis on 2 consecutive days at the time of hematologic recovery from each cycle of doxorubicin [26].
• Multiple leukaphereses were then performed during the rebound phase of hematological recovery following each CPA-induced nadir to harvest peripheral blood progenitors, which were then reinfused as rescue following each of four courses of CBDCA [27].
• Three of the seven patients in whom mobilization was poor after G1 had > or =2x10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg with two leukaphereses after C2 [28].

Gene context of Leukapheresis

• Hence, we postulate that CXCR4 could be primed by various factors related to leukapheresis and mobilization that increase its association with membrane lipid rafts, allowing the HSPCs to better sense the SDF-1 gradient [29].
• The content of Ph chromosome-positive cells in leukapheresis products as well as after CD34 enrichment and after in vitro culture was analyzed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and RT-PCR [30].
• In addition, cyclin A1 mRNA was found in one of six leukapheresis products, harvested from individuals without hematological disorders [31].
• Two leukaphereses that tested PML/RAR alpha positive by RT-PCR were obtained during the post-reinduction hematopoietic recovery, while the patient also tested PCR positive in the BM, and was reinfused after myeloablative chemotherapy (BUCY4), when the patient had spontaneously converted to PCR negative in the marrow [32].
• We conclude that PBSC grafts mobilized by combined Cyc and G-CSF and harvested through high-volume leukapheresis contain high numbers of cytotoxic NK cells that can be expanded in vitro by exposure to IL-2 [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Leukapheresis

• It is administered regularly after cardiac catheterization, cardiothoracic and vascular surgical procedures, and less frequently after dialysis and leukapheresis because of its capacity to reverse the anticoagulant activity of heparin [34].
• A new, rapidly excreted, low-molecular-weight form of hydroxyethyl starch (Pentastarch), is effective and safe in centrifugation leukapheresis [35].
• Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed no C3 conversion in plasma obtained from the leukapheresis appeared during CL or in donor plasma immediately after CL [36].
• These findings indicate the optimal timing for leukapheresis to obtain PBHPs in SCLC patients which have been treated with an alternating combination chemotherapy consisting of CAV-PVP [37].
• The donor should be given a complete explanation of the advantages and risks of G-CSF therapy, leukapheresis and general anesthesia [38].

References