Disease relevance of Soybeans

• Bacteroid suspensions of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 136 isolated from soybeans grown in Mo-deficient conditions were able to transport molybdate at a nearly constant rate for up to 1 min [1].
• After further adjusting for potentially anticarcinogenic constituents of these foods, high carotenoid vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, garlic, and tofu (or soybeans) remained inversely associated with polyps [2].
• To test this hypothesis we examined the effect of genistein, the major phytoestrogen found in soybeans, on carbachol-induced relaxation in phenylephrine-constricted pulmonary artery rings isolated from normoxic rats and rats exposed to 14 days of hypobaric hypoxia [3].
• Identification of a nodD-dependent locus in the Rhizobium strain NGR234 activated by phenolic factors secreted by soybeans and other legumes [4].
• A novel sucrose hydrolase (SUH) from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, a causative agent of bacterial pustule disease on soybeans, was studied at the functional and molecular levels [5].

Psychiatry related information on Soybeans

• Seizure duration in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was recorded by means of EEG in an intraindividual comparison of etomidate (dissolved in a soy-bean oil emulsion) 0.3 mg/kg and Althesin (alphaxalone 9 mg and alphadolone 3 mg/ml) 0.6 mg/kg with methohexitone 1 mg/kg body weight [6].

High impact information on Soybeans

• The nutritional quality of soybeans (Glycine max) is compromised by a relative deficiency of methionine in the protein fraction of the seeds [7].
• Identification of a Brazil-nut allergen in transgenic soybeans [7].
• BACKGROUND: The isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and their glycosides, found in high concentrations in soybeans and soy-protein foods, may have beneficial effects in the prevention or treatment of many hormone-dependent diseases [8].
• The response of individual members of the lipoxygenase multigene family in soybeans to sink deprivation was analyzed [9].
• Preliminary greenhouse studies also demonstrated that application of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybeans suppressed Asian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Soybeans

• In this work, we sought to test whether chemical inhibitors of flavonoid-induced nod gene expression in Bradyrhizobium japonicum could be identified and utilized to affect interstrain competition for nodulation of soybeans [11].
• Three Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with different sensitivities to glyphosate were used to test the effect of this herbicide on the phenolic metabolism of nodulated soybeans and on the bacteroid nitrogenase activity [12].
• Populations consuming soybeans have reduced rates of breast, colon and prostate cancer possibly due, in part, to the presence in soybeans of two estrogenic isoflavones, genistein and daidzein [13].
• We therefore conducted experiments to determine the potential for dietary putrescine to overcome the toxicity of raw soybeans in chicks [14].
• Determinations of serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI), results of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-P-aminobenzoic acid test, fecal soy bean stimulation test (SST), and gross and histologic examinations of the pancreas did not provide evidence of exocrine pancreatic disease up to 13 months of age [15].

Biological context of Soybeans

• Individual transconjugants containing a Tn5 insertion were inoculated onto Glycine max cv. Wilkin (soybeans) and analyzed for their effect on symbiotic nitrogen fixation [16].
• Its high content in soybeans and relatively high bioavailability favor genistein as a promising candidate for the prevention of human cancers [17].
• It is the end product of the biotransformation of the phytoestrogen daidzein, one of the two main isoflavones found in abundance in soybeans and most soy foods [18].
• Mycorrhizal colonization of soybeans also resulted in a strong induction of ABA and JA levels, but on the basis of our data the role of these two phytohormones in mycorrhizal autoregulation is questionable [19].
• Genistein, the principal isoflavonoid in soybeans, is reported to inhibit cell cycle progression, but the molecular basis for this event is unknown [20].

Anatomical context of Soybeans

• After the cross-linked complexes were solubilized from liver microsomes with 0.2% Triton X-100 and gel-filtered, they did not interact with the lectins wheat germ agglutinin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, and soy bean agglutinin [21].
• DC fail to develop in bone marrow cultures treated with soy bean trypsin inhibitor, a serine protease inhibitor, but this inhibition is overcome by a PAR-2 agonist peptide [22].
• However, net sterol excretion remained higher with soy bean than with cow milk even when egg yolk cholesterol was added to the soy bean milk [23].
• This 30-kDa protease, which we have termed ovochymase, was isolated from the exudate of activated eggs using a soy bean trypsin inhibitor-agarose affinity column [24].
• After one woman received a moderate challenge with 20 g roasted soybeans (equivalent to 37 mg isoflavones), we detected mean total isoflavone concentrations of approximately 2.0 micromol/L in plasma, 0.2 micromol/L in breast milk, and 3.0 micromol/h in urine [25].

Associations of Soybeans with chemical compounds

• To improve the nutritional quality, methionine-rich 2S albumin from the Brazil nut (Betholletia excelsa) has been introduced into transgenic soybeans [7].
• Alison Van Eennemaan and colleagues used seed-specific expression of two vitamin E pathway methyltransferases to engineer increased vitamin E activity in soybeans [26].
• Soybeans, Glycine max, synthesize a family of low-molecular-weight heat shock (HS) proteins in response to HS [27].
• Genistein, a natural isoflavone found in soybeans, exerts a number of biological actions suggesting that it may have a role in cancer prevention [28].
• By comparison with solubilized enzyme, liposome-bound acrosin had a substantial reduction in the apparent affinity for "progressive" inhibitors such as leupeptin, lima bean trypsin inhibitor, soy bean trypsin inhibitor, and for a proteinase inhibitor from sperm extracts [29].

Gene context of Soybeans

• A soybean (Glycine max) MIPS cDNA (GmMIPS1) was isolated by reverse transcriptase-PCR using consensus primers designed from highly conserved regions in other plant MIPS sequences [30].
• Recently, however, polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC), an innocuous mixture of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines extracted from soybeans (and its active component dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine), were discovered to decrease CYP2E1 activity [31].
• Deletion analyses of the Glycine max (Gm) Enod40 promoter revealed the presence of a minimal region -185 bp upstream of the transcription start [32].
• In this report, it was observed that an acidic methanolic extract of soybeans contains compounds that inhibit thyroid peroxidase- (TPO) catalyzed reactions essential to thyroid hormone synthesis [33].
• Genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavonoid primarily found in soybeans, interacts with estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ER alpha and beta), with preferential affinity for ER beta [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Soybeans

• PURPOSE: Genistein, a phytoestrogen found in soybeans, corrects endothelial dysfunction induced by oophorectomy in animals [35].
• Two genes, Prp1 and Prp2, encode proline-rich proteins that are found in different stages of developing seed coats, hypocotyls, and roots of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). PRP1 is found in young seed coats and PRP2 is found later during seed desiccation [36].
• Studies of wild-type and transgenic soybeans with high oleic acidic content by RAST inhibition and immunoblotting with pooled sera of soy-allergic individuals demonstrated no difference in the allergen content of both extracts [37].
• Quantitative analysis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in soy bean oils by high-performance liquid chromatography [38].
• AIMS: The Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), is a serine protease inhibitor derived from soy beans, which is presently being evaluated in clinical trials for its ability to serve as a cancer preventive or anti-inflammatory agent [39].

References