Disease relevance of Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed

• All three surviving family members have a diminished autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction, an immunologic abnormality that has previously been found in patients with PBC, selective IgA deficiency, and several autoimmune diseases [1].
• The infected cultures do not develop potent stimulating activity for the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), and the DCs producing HIV-1 gag p24 do not express CD83 and DC-lysosome-associated membrane protein maturation markers [2].
• The ability of an Ia+ B cell lymphoma, AKTB-1b, to stimulate thymocytes in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction is dependent on its prior treatment with either swainsonine or deoxynojirimycin, two inhibitors of the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides [3].
• From a functional point of view, cells cultured in the presence of IL-10 were poor stimulators of allogeneic cord blood T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and presented tetanus toxin (TT) to specific T cell lines with much less efficiency than control DC [4].
• Effect of estrogen on the mixed lymphocyte reaction in normal individuals and prostatic cancer patients [5].
• Loci Cypr4-7 that control lymphocyte production of interferon gamma after alloantigen stimulation in vitro co-localize with genes controlling lymphocyte infiltration of tumors and tumor susceptibility [6].

High impact information on Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed

• The demonstration that stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) mapped to the same region quickly led to attempts to produce antisera in congenic H2 recombinant strain combinations [7].
• Incorporation of murine MHC antigens into liposomes and their effect in the secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction [8].
• Cyclophilin specifically binds a series of cyclosporin analogs in proportion to their activity in a mixed lymphocyte reaction [9].
• Antiserums to C4 inhibited the mixed lymphocyte reaction and the mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin, suggesting a role for membrane-associated C4 in the afferent phase of immune recognition phenomena [10].
• We utilize these mice to identify previously undefined cellular targets of IFN gamma action in the development of a murine antimicrobial response and the mixed lymphocyte reaction [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed

• Azathioprine suppresses the mixed lymphocyte reaction of patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome [12].
• The antiproliferative effect of BCX-34 was tested in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced to proliferate with OKT3, tetanus toxoid, the mixed lymphocyte reaction, or IL-2 [13].
• The mixed D1/D2 dopaminergic antagonists chlorpromazine, haloperidol and flupentixol inhibited 3H-Thymidine incorporation into adult BALB/c mouse spleen cells stimulated by concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli, and allogenic cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction [14].
• Motapizone, lacking efficacy when used alone, increased the effect of rolipram in blocking CD4(+)T lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigen (Ag) (tetanus toxoid, TT; keyhole limpet hemocyanin, KLH) presented by DC and in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) [15].
• Contact hypersensitivity response (CHR), blastogenic response to T- and B-cell-specific mitogens, and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were significantly depressed only in propanil-treated animals at 400 mg/kg [16].

Biological context of Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed

• The bm12 mutant strongly stimulates the parental C57BL/6 strain in an mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and the reciprocal also occurs, the degree of stimulation being similar to that obtained with K + IA differences originating in another H-2 haplotype and points to the mutation effecting the Lad-1 locus [17].
• After culture, cells from 24 samples exhibited morphological and immunophenotypic features of DCs, including expression of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD1a, CD83, and CD86, and were potent stimulators in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) [18].
• Ikappa B kinase 2 but not NF-kappa B-inducing kinase is essential for effective DC antigen presentation in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction [19].
• Our results show that primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)-derived CTLs from granzyme B-/- x gld/gld mice induce apoptosis of allogeneic targets with less efficiency and a longer delay than CTLs deficient for granzyme B alone [20].
• To investigate whether this defect in IL-2 synthesis and proliferation was caused by defective cell-to-cell interactions, we analyzed mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) using T cells and irradiated non-T cells [21].

Anatomical context of Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed

• After stimulation in vitro in a mixed lymphocyte reaction or by addition of Con A, the proportion of T cells with such intracytoplasmic vesicles increases progressively and becomes the majority [22].
• This paper describes the interactions between dendritic cells (DC) and T helper (Th) cells in the rat mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) [23].
• These suppressor cells are probably implicated in the lack of a primary Tc response in a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction across non-H-2 incompatibilities that include an Mls difference [24].
• Helper cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. III. Production of helper factor(s) distinct from interleukin 2 [25].
• We investigated whether cytotrophoblasts secrete interleukin 10 (IL-10), a cytokine that potently inhibits alloresponses in mixed lymphocyte reactions [26].

Associations of Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed with chemical compounds

• When C3H (H-2k, Mls-1b) mice were primed intravenously with 10(8) viable spleen cells from AKR (H-2k, Mls-1a) and treated intraperitoneally with 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CP) 2 d later, not only a long-lasting skin allograft tolerance but also a tolerance in mixed lymphocyte reaction to Mls-1a-encoded antigens was established [27].
• Furthermore, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis enhances DNA synthesis induced in a two-way mixed-lymphocyte reaction only in whole spleen cell cultures and not in cultures of spleen cells purified by passage over glass wool [28].
• Moreover, treatment of desensitized DC with TNF-alpha plus prostaglandin E2 fully restored CD83 expression and partially restored IL-12 production as well as the IFN-gamma-inducing activity of DC in the mixed leukocyte reaction [29].
• In mixed lymphocyte reactions, 15-HETE- and LTB4-treated PNA+, PNA-, and whole thymocyte populations inhibited thymidine uptake by fresh allostimulated splenocytes [30].
• TLR2(-)/- mice lacked maturation upon stimulation with PGN, as assessed by expression of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD86, cytokine, and chemokine production, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran uptake, and mixed lymphocyte reactions, while being completely responsive to LPS [31].

Gene context of Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed

• Cultures enriched in CD14-dependent DCs were more potent stimulators of a mixed leukocyte reaction, compared with control GTS cultures containing both types of DCs [32].
• In order to ascertain the mechanism for the induction of MCP-1 and IL-8 during the mixed lymphocyte reaction, experiments were performed in the presence of neutralizing anti-human TNF antibodies [33].
• Allostimulatory capacity in mixed leukocyte reaction and DC marker expression (CDla, CD80, CD86) was not different between control and FcgammaRI cross-linked DC [34].
• First, we found that rIL-10 inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the proliferative responses as well as the production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) between purified T cells and DC [35].
• Effect of beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists on intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, B7, and CD40 expression in mixed lymphocyte reaction [36].
• Proliferative response to alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte reaction was controlled by loci Alan1 (alloantigen response 1) on chromosome 17 [37] and Alan2 on chromosome 4 [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed

• Notably, postvaccination monocytes from two of the three patients showing stable disease or long disease-free survival showed an enhanced antigen-presenting cell function and capability to secrete IP10/CXCL10 when tested in mixed leukocyte reaction assays, associated to a boost of antigen and melanoma-specific CD8(+) T cells [39].
• Flow cytometry showed polyclonal DC populations after expansion that consisted of CD11c+CD11b+ and CD11c-CD11b+ cells that co-expressed CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHCII. eDCs were functional in mixed lymphocyte reactions and produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha on phytohemagglutinin stimulation [40].
• Sera obtained from kidney transplant recipients at various times after the graft were investigated for the presence of cytotoxic antibodies to B and T human lymphoid cells and for their ability to inhibit mixed lymphocyte reaction between allogeneic lymphocytes [41].
• Suppression of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) exerted by splenocytes derived from mice treated with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI, 200 rds x 8) was analyzed by various criteria in order to characterize the phenotype of the cell type(s) responsible for suppression [42].
• Chimerism in peripheral blood was followed by flow cytometric (FACS) analysis, and tolerance was assessed by skin grafting, and also by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assays [43].

References