Disease relevance of Sural Nerve

• In a recent paper, we showed that the number of endoneurial microvessels per square millimeter and the average luminal area and size distribution of these microvessels are not significantly different in sural nerves of patients with diabetes mellitus as compared to control subjects [1].
• Biopsy specimens of sural nerve from 10 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), of whom only 1 was severely disabled, were assessed by morphometric techniques and compared to nerves from age-matched controls [2].
• In this study, sural nerve segments from individuals with PMP22 duplications or deletions, causing the reciprocal disorder hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies (HNPP), were grafted into the cut ends of the sciatic nerve of nude mice [3].
• To explore whether microangiopathy is associated with disturbed glucose tolerance and peripheral neuropathy, we assessed endoneurial capillary morphology in sural nerve biopsies from men with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) [4].
• Effects of long-term aldose reductase inhibition on development of experimental diabetic neuropathy. Ultrastructural and morphometric studies of sural nerve in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats [5].

Psychiatry related information on Sural Nerve

• The nociceptive reflex was measured in the knee extensor and flexor muscles evoked by electrical stimulation of the sural nerve trunk at an intensity of 1.5 times the initial reflex threshold (an intensity above the pain threshold) [6].
• SEP topographies elicited by innocuous and noxious sural nerve stimulation. I. Identification of stable periods and individual differences [7].

High impact information on Sural Nerve

• The water content of the sural nerve of diabetic patients was quantitatively defined by magnetic resonance proton imaging as a putative reflection of activity of the aldose-reductase pathway [8].
• Preventive effect of long-term aldose reductase inhibition (ponalrestat) on nerve conduction and sural nerve structure in the spontaneously diabetic Bio-Breeding rat [9].
• These 3 patients also had marked decreases in creatinine clearance and nerve conduction velocities and severe loss of myelinated fibers in sural nerves [10].
• In the biopsy specimen of the right sural nerve, which was obtained 3 years after transplantation, amyloid deposits remained but the number of myelinated fibers was markedly increased (total number of myelinated fibers, 4740/mm2) [11].
• Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of a sural nerve biopsy of one patient revealed common features with the mouse mutant and the absence of L-periaxin from the myelin sheath [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sural Nerve

• OBJECTIVE: Nerve sorbitol levels have been measured in sural nerve biopsy samples from patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy in several studies using different methods and measurement units [13].
• PCR analysis of DNA extracted from 31 sections of formalin-fixed sural nerve biopsies did not reveal herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA [14].
• Sympathectomy, achieved by administration of guanethidine to neonatal rats, led to atrophy of the sympathetic paravertebral ganglion chain, a 95% decrease in peripheral nerve norepinephrine, and loss of 20 to 26% of the unmyelinated axons in a cutaneous nerve (sural), a muscular nerve (nerve to soleus), and a mixed nerve (sciatic) [15].
• The pathological changes in a sural nerve biopsy from a 42-year-old woman with disulfiram-induced peripheral neuropathy were assessed by quantitative light microscopy, electron microscopy, and the study of teased nerve fibres [16].
• Hyperalgesia was induced in healthy volunteers by topical capsaicin applied on the dorsum of the foot within the receptive field of the sural nerve [6].

Biological context of Sural Nerve

• This paper describes the molecular genetics of CMT1A and sural nerve pathology in CMT1A patients with the CMT1A duplication [17].
• Leukocyte arylsulfatase A activity was decreased in all members of the girl's family, and sural nerve action potentials were abnormal in two asymptomatic siblings [18].
• In the gracile nucleus of clioquinol-treated rats, the presynaptic inhibition was remarkably diminished, and the excitatory synaptic transmission was less intensely inhibited by a conditioning sural nerve volley [19].
• PMP-22 gene duplications and deletions identified in archival, paraffin-embedded sural nerve biopsy specimens: correlation to structural changes [20].
• Investigation of her sural nerve biopsy revealed a significantly smaller expansion size, constituting the first direct demonstration of somatic mosaicism involving the nervous system in FRDA [21].

Anatomical context of Sural Nerve

• Fragments of sural nerve biopsy specimens were cultured in the presence of the supernatant of lymphokine-activated killer cells, resulting in the selective outgrowth of cells with bipolar or tripolar morphology, reminiscent of that of Schwann cells [22].
• By counting the number of nuclear profiles containing NIB in semithin sections stained with basic fuchsin and methylene blue, we found that SC from predominantly cutaneous (sural) nerves were less vulnerable to lead than SC from mixed (peroneal) and muscular (tibial) nerves [23].
• Contralateral sural nerve biopsies were obtained at 6 weeks and at the study's end for nerve sorbitol measurement and computer-assisted light morphometry to determine myelinated nerve fiber density (number of fibers/mm2 cross-sectional area) in serial bilateral sural nerve biopsies [24].
• NT-3 treatment also attenuated the decrease in mean axonal caliber in the dorsal root and sural nerve but not in the saphenous nerve, ventral root and peroneal nerve [25].
• In the control state, intraventricular fentanyl (3-30 microg kg(-1)) depressed, to an equal extent, short- and long-latency reflexes in the medial gastrocnemius muscle nerve evoked by electrical stimulation of all sural nerve afferents [26].

Associations of Sural Nerve with chemical compounds

• 3 wk of insulin replacement, or therapy with an aldose reductase inhibitor or myo-inositol completely reversed paranodal swelling in sural nerve fibers after 3 wk of untreated insulin deficiency [27].
• Human diabetic endoneurial sorbitol, fructose, and myo-inositol related to sural nerve morphometry [28].
• Phenytoin neuropathy: structural changes in the sural nerve [29].
• Nerve conductions were slow, and a sural nerve biopsy showed features of a sulfatide lipidosis [30].
• Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) neuropathy is a chronic demyelinating neuropathy with predominant involvement of large sensory fibers and deposits of IgM and complement on sural nerve myelinated fibers [31].

Gene context of Sural Nerve

• We report here a technique for extraction of nuclei from paraffin-embedded and cryofixed sural nerve biopsies for precise molecular diagnosis, employing interphase-two-color FISH in clinically diagnosed CMT1 or HNPP patients [32].
• To determine whether these different genetic entities display different morphological phenotypes we compared sural nerve biopsies of CMT1A patients due to PMP22 duplication with biopsies of CMTX1 patients with proven Connexin32 mutations [33].
• SC cultures from sural nerve biopsies of 8 subjects with axonal neuropathies, 8 with demyelinating neuropathies and 3 normal controls were included in this study and processed with double immunofluorescence technique, using anti-vimentin and anti-GFAP antibodies, during the 2nd, 4th and 6th week of culture [34].
• Vascular endothelial TM was detected on sural nerve biopsies with immunohistochemistry [35].
• RT-PCR experiments revealed that the parkin gene is expressed in sural nerves from both controls and patient with parkin-related disease [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sural Nerve

• RESULTS: Diffuse fiber loss and amyloid deposits were seen in a biopsy specimen of the left sural nerve obtained before liver transplantation (total number of myelinated fibers, 1326/mm2 of the endoneurial area) [11].
• Amyloid detected in sural nerve and colonic biopsies was shown to be composed of TTR by immunohistochemistry [37].
• METHODS: Intra-axonal microelectrode recordings from large sensory myelinated axons from the isolated sural nerve in short-term streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were used to study membrane properties using standard current-clamp technique [38].
• RESULTS: Venlafaxine increased thresholds for pain tolerance after single electrical stimulation (P =.005) and pain summation (P =.01) on repetitive stimulation but did not alter the thresholds for pain detection after single electrical sural nerve stimulation [39].
• Immunofluorescence studies of sural nerve demonstrated immune reactive C3d and IgM on the surface of myelin sheaths in seven patients with neuropathy and an anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) IgM M-protein [40].

References