Disease relevance of platinum

• CONCLUSIONS: Platinum-based treatment of ovarian cancer increases the risk of secondary leukemia [1].
• PURPOSE: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [2].
• PURPOSE: Platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens are the standard treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although toxicity is common and may significantly affect the patient's quality of life (QoL) [3].
• CONCLUSION: Platinum coils placed into experimental saccular aneurysms in New Zealand White rabbits failed to elicit a fibrotic response [4].
• From July 1984 through March 1987 23 patients with small cell lung cancer have entered a trial at the University of Pennsylvania. Concurrent Platinum (DDP) Etoposide (VP-16) chemotherapy and twice-daily, 150 cGy radiotherapy to a total dose of 4500 cGy in 3 weeks was used [5].

High impact information on platinum

• METHODS AND RESULTS: Platinum spring electrodes were placed in the right ventricular (RV) apex and the superior vena cava in 12 pigs [6].
• METHODS: Platinum microelectrodes and catheters in the torcular Herophili were used to measure cerebral blood flow by hydrogen clearance, and oxygen and glucose concentrations [7].
• DNA amplification assays were optimized by use of Idaho Technology buffers and deoxynucleotide triphosphates supplemented with Invitrogen Platinum Taq DNA polymerase, and were subsequently tested for sensitivity and specificity on the R.A.P.I.D., the LightCycler, and the Smart Cycler [8].
• AIM: To compare a monoclonal enzyme immunoassay for detection of H. pylori stool antigen (Amplified IDEIA HpStAR, DakoCytomation) with a polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (HpSA test, Premier Platinum HpSA, Meridian Diagnostics) in diagnosing infection and in determining H. pylori status after eradication treatment [9].
• In the A431 cell line platinum accumulated to a similar extent after exposure to cisplatin, oxaliplatin or JM216, while in A431/Pt cells, Platinum accumulation depended on the hydrophobicity of the drug, and an increased hydrophobicity favours the uptake [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of platinum

• PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 2002 we began a phase II study with G 1000 mg/m(2) (day 1,8) combined to Epirubicin (E) 60 mg/m(2) (day 1), every 3 weeks for 6 cycles, in Platinum resistant/refractory ovarian carcinoma patients [11].
• METHODS: Platinum coils coated with an expansible hydrogel were used to embolize a silicone model of the basilar tip aneurysm [12].
• CONCLUSIONS: Platinum and tungsten coils were not always effective in causing endoluminal thrombosis leading to long-term occlusion by organized thrombus [13].
• Contact toxicity experiments revealed that thiamethoxam formulation (Platinum) was the most toxic, followed by technical thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and spinosad [14].
• Based on these results, the patient received 4 cycles of Bleomycin, Etoposide and Platinum chemotherapy experiencing only mild toxicity and resulting in complete ongoing clinical and biochemical remission [15].

Biological context of platinum

• Invasive tests included culture, urease test (CLOtest), histology, and PCR; noninvasive tests included the 13C urea breath test, IgG serology (Pyloriset EIA-G), immunoblot (Helicoblot 2.1), and antigen stool detection (Premier Platinum HpSA) [16].
• The induction of chromosome damage by the Platinum complex CHIP in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been studied, together with the relationship between cell survival and aberration frequency [17].
• Urea breath test, serology and three fecal tests--FemtoLab H. pylori (Connex, Germany), Premier Platinum HpSA (Meridian, USA) and Simple H. pylori (Operon SA, Spain) were performed [18].
• RESULTS: The best overall performers were, in order of total scores, Lexi-Drugs Platinum, Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia, ePocrates Rx Pro, and Clinical Pharmacology OnHand [19].
• The protein binding evaluated in plasma, and buffer with physiological levels of albumin and globulin showed that only Platinum (II) species have significant binding and that Jm118 showed the same affinity to albumin and globulin (t 1/2 of 4.2 and 4.8 h) while cisplatin bound more readily to albumin (t 1/2 3.4 h) than globulin IV (t 1/2 8.2 h) [20].

Anatomical context of platinum

• METHODS: Platinum coils, radioactive phosphorus 32 coils or not, were implanted in the carotid artery in mice to cause thrombotic occlusion [21].
• A fiber optic cable is used both for illumination and collection, and Ocean Optics OOIBase32 Platinum software is used for preliminary processing of the data [22].
• By focusing at the tip of the Platinum cathode and the adjacent capillaries the distance between both objects or the intercapillary distance can be measured [23].
• Macroscopic observation showed that in the case of Platinum ink the staining of the mucus of the whole large intestine was promoted by MM and the staining of the rectum remained even after removing the mucus layer [24].
• RESULTS: Platinum accumulation was highest in the cervix and next highest in the myometrium in both cancers [25].

Associations of platinum with other chemical compounds

• The stool antigen test was performed using the HpSA ELISA (Premier Platinum HpSA, Meridian Diagnostics) [26].
• Since CDDP acts by formation of Platinum (Pt)-DNA adducts and dFdC by incorporation of its triphosphate (dFdCTP) into DNA, we measured total Pt levels, dFdCTP accumulation and Pt-DNA adducts by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 2P-postlabelling, respectively [27].
• This study evaluated the in vivo effects of bleaching agents containing 10% carbamide peroxide (Platinum/Colgate) or 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (Day White 2Z/Discus Dental) on mutans Streptococcus during dental bleaching [28].
• The Pt nanoparticles were electrochemically deposited on a pre-coated PPy film surface by reducing a platinum precursor (PtCl62-) at a constant potential [29].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: After balancing for baseline color and age, 34 healthy adult volunteers were randomized to one of two marketed bleaching systems, 5% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel + potassium nitrate in a custom tray (Colgate Platinum Gentle Plus) or 6.0% hydrogen peroxide bleaching strips (Crest Whitestrips) [30].

Gene context of platinum

• RRM1 Modulated In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Gemcitabine and Platinum in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer [31].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stool specimens from children being evaluated for H. pylori infection were also examined using the LFI (ImmunoCard STAT! HpSA) and EIA methods (Premier Platinum HpSA) [32].
• Premier Platinum HpSA, as opposed to Hp StAR, cross-reacted with non-pylori Helicobacter spp. in vitro [33].
• An intra-arterial embolisation, using a detachable, mechanical spiral (MDS, Bold Platinum), was performed, with no complications [34].
• Using a PCR protocol of 0 sec at 95 degrees C, 0 sec at 60 degrees C, and 0 sec at 74 degrees C with Platinum Taq DNA polymerase (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD), we were able to reduce the total cycling time of the multiplex PCR assay to as little as 55 min, without affecting the yield of PCR products or the specificity of the assay [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of platinum

• BACKGROUND: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of modern treatment for ovarian, testicular, and other cancers, but few investigations have quantified the late sequelae of such treatment [1].
• BACKGROUND: Platinum-containing combination chemotherapy has resulted in improved survival rates in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma, but the majority of the patients still die of their disease [36].
• CONCLUSIONS: Platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival and recurrence-free survival at 5 years in this combined group of patients with early-stage ovarian cancer defined by the inclusion criteria of the ICON1 and ACTION trials [37].
• The aim of this study was to evaluate a new enzyme immunoassay for detection of H. pylori antigen in stool (Premier Platinum HpSA, Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, OH) in a large cohort of children and to compare it to invasive techniques and the 13C-UBT [38].
• This DNA polymerase was found to exhibit a high level of resistance to PCR inhibitors present in these feed samples compared to DyNAzyme II, FastStart Taq, Platinum Taq, Pwo, rTth, Taq, and Tfl [39].

References