Disease relevance of APR-2

• BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the expressions of the bcl-2, bax, fas and c-myc apoptosis-related genes in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma (CaP) to determine whether significant differences exist within each disease and between the two groups of patients [1].
• Prognostic value of the apoptosis related genes BCL2 and BCL2L12 in breast cancer [2].
• Structural insights into the mammalian proteins can be inferred by homology to Gag from viruses such as HIV; in turn, the cellular roles of the mammalian Gag homologs, such as apoptosis-related functions and binding to ubiquitin ligases, might hint at further functionality of viral Gag itself [3].
• PURPOSE: The present study was undertaken to investigate the prognostic and predictive relevance of the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-X(L), and Mcl-1 in advanced ovarian cancer [4].
• In vitro apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related molecules in lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases [5].

Psychiatry related information on APR-2

• We previously reported the isolation of a novel apoptosis-related gene, human Nap1 (HGMW-approved symbol NCKAP1), the expression of which was strongly down-regulated in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) [6].
• The simultaneous expression of 19 apoptosis-related genes was analyzed by RNA-protection assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients before and during successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) [7].

High impact information on APR-2

• These data suggest that ICSBP modulates survival of myeloid cells by regulating expression of apoptosis-related genes [8].
• These results demonstrate a clear distinction between the mechanisms that drive MCD-associated and apoptosis-related chromatin condensation and provide mechanistic insights and new readouts for a major cell death process in treated tumors [9].
• Apoptosis-related parameters (Bax, Bcl-2, CD95, and CD95-induced apoptosis) did not account for differential susceptibility to drug-induced apoptosis [10].
• We evaluated levels of apoptosis and of apoptosis-related oncoproteins (c-Myc, which enhances, and Bcl-2, which diminishes apoptosis) expressed within CD34+ and CD34- marrow cell populations of MDS patients (n = 24) to determine their potential roles in the abnormal hematopoiesis of this disorder [11].
• The apoptosis-related molecule, BAX, was highly correlated with the ALL class distinction [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of APR-2

• Cell toxicity was evaluated by the MTT method, trypan blue staining and DNA laddering, whereas the expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes were analysed by RT-PCR using gene-specific primers [13].
• Effect of gemcitabine on the expression of apoptosis-related genes in human pancreatic cancer cells [14].
• The aim of the present study was to analyze molecular mechanisms induced in human glioblastoma A1235 cells by the treatment with lithium, especially its influence on the expression of apoptosis-related genes [15].
• Colorimetric caspase assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting with antibodies against apoptosis-related molecules revealed that GCV has cytotoxic activity toward KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells, while ACV has weak or little activity [16].
• AIM: To investigate role of apoptosis related genes Fas/FasL in azoospermia or oligozoospermia induced by testosterone undecanoate [17].

Biological context of APR-2

• We then studied: (1) Cell death by the TUNEL method, (2) mRNA expression of 96 apoptosis-related genes using DNA microarray, (3) expression of selected apoptosis related proteins by Western blotting [18].
• Gut epithelial cell apoptosis as well as apoptosis-related genes were increased after the thermal injury, whereas bile acid secretion was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) [19].
• Apoptosis-related gene expression and the bile acid pool were determined in separate experiments up to 6 h after burn [19].
• A severe thermal injury caused an up-regulation of apoptosis and apoptosis-related genes and down-regulation of bile acid secretion [19].
• The purpose of this study was to determine whether IGF-I/IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 can improve small bowel homeostasis after injury and by which cellular mechanisms these changes occur and to identify changes in apoptosis-related genes after burn and the effect of bile acid on small bowel epithelial cell apoptosis after burn [19].

Anatomical context of APR-2

• Thirty-nine differently expressed genes were screened from the 487 apoptosis related genes in the adherent culture U937 cells [20].
• Differential expression of apoptosis-related Fas antigen on lymphocyte subpopulations in human peripheral blood [21].
• CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results indicate that NF-kappaB contributes to the regulation of the apoptosis-related factors and death receptors leading to apoptosis resistance in BD T cell subsets [22].
• Transcription factor GATA-6, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in human fetal testis [23].
• To assess the role of AIF and also to assay apoptosis-related events in primary human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts, cells were mock infected or infected with wild-type virus previously shown not to induce apoptosis in continuous lines of primate cells or with the d120 mutant lacking infected cell protein no [24].

Associations of APR-2 with chemical compounds

• Except the changes of iNOS related to NO production, the other apoptosis-related genes, including BCL-2 and SOD were down-regulated, while NF-kappaB and TNFR1-FADD-caspase signal transduction way were up-regulated in STZ group [25].
• Contribution to antimitochondrial antibody production: cleavage of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2 by apoptosis-related proteases [26].
• However, ceramide did not block NGF deprivation-induced declines in RNA and protein synthesis, suggesting that ceramide does not slow all apoptosis-related events [27].
• Since several p53-target genes and other apoptosis-related genes were up-regulated by Adox, we conclude that AdoHcy is involved in adenosine-induced apoptosis by altering gene expression [28].
• Apoptosis related signal transduction mechanisms were determined in Ca(2+)-paradoxic hearts perfused with or without 10 mM taurine [29].

Regulatory relationships of APR-2

• TIP30 regulates apoptosis-related genes in its apoptotic signal transduction pathway [30].
• These results imply that the FAP-1 gene may be a target gene under the control of important apoptosis-related nuclear factors in human cancers [31].

Other interactions of APR-2

• These are called AKH-Precursor Related Peptides or APRP 1 and APRP 2 [32].
• Expression levels of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by Northern blot or immunoblot [33].
• However, cotreatment did not induce expression of other apoptosis related genes, p21(WAF1) and GADD45 [34].
• This mechanism involving apoptosis-related genes is readily executable, and is poised to respond to external signals through the differential regulation of BCL2 family members [35].
• We recently reported that pyruvate inhibited translocation and activation of p53 caused by DNA damage due to oxidant injury (Lee YJ, Kang IJ, Bünger R, and Kang YH. Microvasc Res 66: 91-101, 2003); this was associated with increased expression of apoptosis-related bcl-2 and decreased expression of bax gene [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of APR-2

• We evaluated whether circulating soluble apoptosis-related protein levels change after anthracycline-containing chemotherapy and radiotherapy in relation to cardiac dysfunction or the applied treatment [37].
• The gene expression profile chip technology was used to determine and analyze the changes in apoptosis-related gene expression after adherent culture and the expression of MDR1 mRNA was assessed by reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the same time [20].
• The expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and p53), cell proliferation (Ki-67), and apoptotic cell death were investigated using immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling in gastric neoplams, to evaluate whether they correlate with the morphology of the tumour [38].
• We have studied GATA-6 expression in human fetal testis using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry and compared these results with the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax [23].
• Cell-cycle, apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins in HLE cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blotting [39].

References