Disease relevance of HOMER2

• Entry of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is initiated by specific interaction of its large envelope protein (L) with a cellular entry receptor, recently identified as carboxypeptidase D (CPD; historically gp180) [1].
• Echocardiographic abnormalities of cardiac function and structure were studied in children and young adults (< 27 years old) with chronic renal failure (CRF, N = 32), end-stage renal failure treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD, N = 10) or renal transplantation (N = 30) or controls (N = 60) [2].
• A recombinant VE-cadherin cytoplasmic domain (rVE-cad CPD) was expressed in E. coli and purified through Ni-NTA spin columns [3].
• An open-label, dose-response study of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPD), an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, was conducted with 58 males with uncomplicated Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections with single doses of 600, 400, 200, 100, or 50 mg of CPD administered orally by tablet [4].
• The increase in oxygen affinity during hypothermia was influenced also by changes in acid base and 2,3-DPG concentrations, the changes being similar in both the ACD and CPD groups of patients [5].

Psychiatry related information on HOMER2

• CPD - education and self-assessment: functional imaging in epilepsy [6].

High impact information on HOMER2

• The weak CPD sites in Sic1 establish a phosphorylation threshold that delays degradation in vivo, and thereby establishes a minimal G1 phase period needed to ensure proper DNA replication [7].
• Less is known about the regulation of responses mediated by AMPA, kainate, ACPD or APB receptors [8].
• The Ca2+ leakiness developed gradually after day 2 and reached a maximum by day 7 of cold storage in ACD, CPD, CPD-adenine, or heparin anticoagulants [9].
• Further, IGlu is not mediated by a known metabotropic glutamate receptor since it was not activated by quisqualic acid, AP-4, ACPD, or ibotenate [10].
• Single-agent chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin (CPD), high-dose methotrexate (MTX), Cytoxan (CTX, cyclophosphamide; Bristol-Myers Co, Evansville, IN), or Adriamycin (ADR, doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) did not interfere with this activation process [11].

Biological context of HOMER2

• None of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms analyzed in the Homer2 gene associates with cocaine dependence [12].
• The rank-order potency of ACPD enantiomers at L-AP4 receptors in ON bipolar cells is similar to their rank-order potency at non-AP4, mGluRs in brain which suggests that the receptors possess similar binding sites and may be members of a common receptor family [13].
• Nevertheless, an absence of detectable p21 protein in deficient cells had no demonstrable effect on DNA repair response to UV irradiation, as measured by an immunoassay to detect removal of UV photoproducts from genomic DNA (GGR) and by individual strand specific removal of endonuclease-sensitive CPD from a target gene fragment (TCR) [14].
• Importantly, transfection of rVE-cad CPD into intact isolated coronary venules markedly elevated the albumin permeability of the venular endothelium [3].
• Agonists inducing [3H]PtdIns hydrolysis include carbachol, trans-1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate (ACPD; a glutamatergic metabotropic receptor agonist), serotonin and ATP, with the latter two agonists producing the largest responses [15].

Anatomical context of HOMER2

• The LPO products malondialdehyde (MDA) and hexanal, lipophilic antioxidants and erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) were estimated in 10 pediatric hemodialysis (HD) patients before and after HD and in 11 peritoneal dialysis (CPD) patients [16].
• A significant increase in the transendothelial flux of albumin was observed in the endothelial cell monolayers transfected with rVE-cad CPD [3].
• In addition, immunofluorescence microscopic analysis revealed a conformational change of VE-cadherin from a uniform, continuous distribution along the cell membrane under control conditions to a diffuse, stitch-like pattern after rVE-cad CPD transfection [3].
• Scanning microscopic and functional studies were made of granulocytes isolated from CPD anticoagulated whole blood by counterflow centrifugation in a Beckman JE-6 rotor [17].
• Excitatory effects of ACPD receptor activation in the hippocampus are mediated by direct effects on pyramidal cells and blockade of synaptic inhibition [18].

Associations of HOMER2 with chemical compounds

• 2-F-araATP was a potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase; the concentration required for 50% inhibition of ADP reduction (0.3 mM ADP; 5 mM GTP or dGTP) was 1 microM and for CDP reduction (0.15 mM CPD; 5 mM ATP) was 8.5 microM [19].
• The selective agonist for the type I metabotropic glutamate receptor ((RS)-3,5-dihydrophenylglycine (DHPG, 50 microM)) reproduced all the effects of ACPD [20].
• ACPTs are ACPD analogues in which a third carboxylic group has been added at position 4 in the cyclopentane ring [21].
• CPD patients exhibited high plasma MDA concentrations [371 (287 to 468) nM], whereas hexanal was in the low normal range [56 (51 to 81) nM] [16].
• Platelets were collected either into CPD anticoagulant or directly into glutaraldehyde [22].

Other interactions of HOMER2

• CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that a polymorphism in the Homer1 gene, rs6871510, is a potential risk factor for the development of cocaine dependence in an African American population, whereas polymorphisms in the Homer2 gene are not [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of HOMER2

• Importantly, the mGluR agonist effects of (+)-9 are evident following oral administration in mice in both the elevated plus maze model of anxiety (ED50 = 0.5 mg/kg) and in the ACPD-induced limbic seizure model (ED50 = 45.6 mg/kg) [23].
• Blood collected with CPD and stored was examined with optical (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after reversal of echinocytes into discocytes [24].
• During rewarming, however, oxygen availability was increased in the CPD group presumably from significantly increased 2,3-DPG concentrations [5].
• CONCLUSIONS: RBCs stored in CPD-saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol do show a progressive loss of oxygen-dependent metabolic modulation, which is not restored after rejuvenation and which seems partly related to modifications in membrane proteins, mainly band 3 [25].
• Immunocytochemistry of sections from ACPD injected animals using selective antibodies to Abeta revealed the presence of punctate intraneuronal granules in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus [26].

References