Disease relevance of Dichlorophos

• The delayed neurotoxic potential of dichlorvos was assessed in terms of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) inhibition in the brain and the subsequent development of motor incoordination at 21 days post-exposure [1].
• International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC publication No. 5: An evaluation of the genetic toxicity of dichlorvos [2].
• Results showed no differences between the body weight of DDVP and control-treated groups [3].
• In Salmonella, Captan and Triallate were mutagenic on the TA1535 strain; Dichlorvos and Trichlorphon were negative in the spot test but mutagenic after incubation in liquid cultures of strain TA1535 [4].
• The resistance of E. coli cultivated in low concentrations of dichlorvos to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induced mutagenesis [5].

Psychiatry related information on Dichlorophos

• Effects of an organophosphate (dichlorvos) on open field behavior and locomotor activity: correlation with regional brain monoamine levels [6].
• In the other two tests, active avoidance learning and rotarod performance, the effective dose of dichlorvos (2 mg/kg) was devoid of somatic signs of intoxication [7].
• Feeding behavior and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in bream (Abramis brama L.) as affected by DDVP, an organophosphorus insecticide [8].

High impact information on Dichlorophos

• Organophosphate insecticides, such as Vapona, Naled, and Rabon, are highly potent inhibitors of an enzyme found in human monocytes [9].
• The enzyme, a specific monocyte esterase, could be inhibited by Vapona in blood samples via airborne contamination at levels easily achieved from commercial slow-release insecticide strips [9].
• We show that, in vivo, acylpeptide hydrolase is significantly more sensitive than AChE to inhibition by dichlorvos and that the inhibition is more prolonged after a single dose of inhibitor [10].
• Furthermore, using dichlorvos as a progressive inhibitor, it was possible to show that acylpeptide hydrolase is the only enzyme in the brain capable of hydrolyzing the substrate N-acetyl-alanyl-p-nitroanilide [10].
• Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), dichlorvos, cyanophos, mipafox, and o-ethyl o-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate are relatively potent inhibitors of [3H]CPP binding to synaptic membranes [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dichlorophos

• The toxicity index (EC(50)) values after 120 min of exposure were 6.31 microg/L, 7.64 microg/L, and 466 microg/L for CuSO(4), Dichlorvos, and Propoxur, respectively [12].
• In this study, the acute toxicity of the organophosphorous pesticides dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos to two different species of Artemia (A. salina and A. parthenogenetica) was evaluated [13].
• The data supported the hypothesis that levamisole toxicity was enhanced by nicotine-like compounds (ie, pyrantel), but was not affected by organophosphates (ie, dichlorvos) [14].
• Comparison of the overall toxicities of these pesticides and metals indicated that dichlorvos was the most toxic substance to T. brevicornis, followed by malathion, arsenic, cadmium, carbofuran, and atrazine [15].
• Changes in toxicity of DDVP, DFP, and parathion in rats under cold environment [16].

Biological context of Dichlorophos

• Progressive deficit of retrograde axonal transport is associated with the pathogenesis of di-n-butyl dichlorvos axonopathy [17].
• Human serum "A"-esterases. Hydrolysis of O,O-dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate [18].
• This indicates that nimodipine, a centrally acting calcium channel blocker, may contribute to the amelioration of dichlorvos-induced neurotoxicity by attenuation of calcium-mediated disruption of cytoskeletal homeostasis, without preventing NTE inhibition [1].
• Activity of cholinesterases in the Japanese quail embryo. Effects of dichlorphos on the embryonic development [19].
• The distribution of dichlorvos in the tissues of mammals after its inhalation or intravenous administration [20].

Anatomical context of Dichlorophos

• When VONE was incubated with the cytosol fraction in the presence of NADPH, VOAc and VOH were newly formed, whereas the conversion of VOAc to VOH was inhibited by dichlorvos [21].
• Dichlorvos did not cause cholinomimetic symptoms even though blood cholinesterase was significantly inhibited (plasma -51.3% and erythrocyte -43.7%) [22].
• Possible role of enhanced microtubule phosphorylation in dichlorvos induced delayed neurotoxicity in rat [23].
• Lesions observed in female rats that may have been due to dichlorvos administration included adenomas of the exocrine pancreas and fibroadenomas of the mammary gland [24].
• Dissociation of DDVP-induced DNA strand breaks from oxidative damage in isolated rat hepatocytes [25].

Associations of Dichlorophos with other chemical compounds

• Acylpeptide hydrolase was found to be potently inhibited by the organophosphorus compounds chlorpyrifosmethyl oxon, dichlorvos, and diisopropylfluorophosphate (20-min IC(50) values of 18.3 +/- 2.0, 118.7 +/- 9.7, and 22.5 +/- 1.2 nM, respectively) [10].
• The insecticides dichlorvos, Landrin, pyrethrum, Sevin, malathion, and Diazinon significantly (P = 0.05) inhibited production of aflatoxins at a 100-ppm concentration [26].
• In cell-free experiments using the cytosol of Aspergillus parasiticus NIAH-26, both (2'S)- and (2'R)-VOAc enantiomers were formed at about a 1:2 ratio from racemic VHA in the presence of NADPH and dichlorvos (dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate) [27].
• These increases in calpain activity and in the levels of intracellular Ca(2+) were not observed when nimodipine was administered to rats treated with dichlorvos [1].
• We report high-performance liquid chromatographic methods using ultraviolet detection, developed for the first time in our laboratory with sensitivity to detect clinically significant concentrations of metrifonate (MTF), an experimental drug for Alzheimer disease, and its active anticholinesterase metabolite, dichlorvos (DDVP) [28].

Gene context of Dichlorophos

• Vinclozolin reacted as a potent AR antagonist and dichlorvos as a very weak one [29].
• Some characteristics of the hydrolysis of O,O-dimethyl-2,2 dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) by human serum are reported and compared with the hydrolysis of O,O-diethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon) which is a substrate for Paraoxonase, a known "A"-esterase of human serum [18].
• In both studies the equivalence in AUC of DDVP was paralleled by equivalent effects on BChE inhibition [30].
• Active site mutant acetylcholinesterase interactions with 2-PAM, HI-6, and DDVP [31].
• The inhibitory potency of OP pesticides in vivo in mice varies from APH selective (dichlorvos, naled, and trichlorfon), to APH and BChE selective (profenofos and tribufos), to ChE selective or nonselective (many commercial insecticides) [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dichlorophos

• Flow-injection and biosensor conditions were optimised, then the system was evaluated by monitoring the model organophosphate pesticides (OP) dichlorvos and paraoxon [33].
• INTERVENTIONS: Fasting mice were administered 57.5 mg/kg of a 0.55% dichlorvos solution via feeding tube [34].
• An electrochemical bioassay for dichlorvos analysis in durum wheat samples [35].
• Electromyographic (EMG) examinations were performed on Beagles before and for 7 days after oral administration of one of the following organophosphate (OP) compounds; ronnel (55.0 or 110.0 mg/kg), dichlorvos (29.7, 59.4, or 148.5 mg/kg), or cythioate (24.8 or 33.0 mg/kg) [36].
• Two methods for the determination of dichlorvos in durum wheat by electrochemical assay and gas chromatography, respectively, have been developed [37].

References