Disease relevance of acrylaldehyde

• Finally, for M161V, an InhA mutation that correlates with resistance to the common biocide triclosan in Mycobacterium smegmatis, binding to form the initial EI complex is significantly weakened, explaining why this mutant inactivates more slowly than WT InhA when incubated with INH, NADH, and KatG [1].
• The biocide triclosan selects Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mutants that overproduce the SmeDEF multidrug efflux pump [2].
• Autolysis contributed to ADBAC and DDAC lethality, although high biocide concentrations may have inhibited autolytic enzyme activity [3].
• Groups of guinea pigs received 9 induction doses of the biocide, 3 times a week, at concentrations ranging from 25-2000 ppm a.i. These guinea pigs were challenged with the biocide at concentrations ranging from 20-2000 ppm a.i., and the application sites were scored for erythema 24 and 48 h after the challenge [4].
• Electrical enhancement of biocide efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms [5].

Psychiatry related information on acrylaldehyde

• Albumin-bound polyacrolein: implications for Alzheimer's disease [6].

High impact information on acrylaldehyde

• A specific signaling mutant, a lasI mutant, forms flat, undifferentiated biofilms that unlike wild-type biofilms are sensitive to the biocide sodium dodecyl sulfate [7].
• While the slow growth and hydrophobicity of environmental mycobacteria appear to be disadvantages, the unique cell wall architecture also grants high biocide and antibiotic resistance, while hydrophobicity facilitates nutrient acquisition, biofilm formation, and spread by aerosolization [8].
• Recent work has indicated that slow growth and/or induction of an rpoS-mediated stress response could contribute to biocide resistance [9].
• Finally, biofilm-grown bacteria might develop a biofilm-specific biocide-resistant phenotype [9].
• Acrolein inhibited thrombin- and phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of a 40-kDa polypeptide and other substrates, indicating a cellular defect in protein kinase C signaling [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of acrylaldehyde

• OBJECTIVES: Polyquaternium-1 (PQ-1) is a biocide used commercially in a contact lens disinfecting solution, 'Opti-Free Express (Alcon) Multi-Purpose Disinfecting Solution'. The genetic basis for resistance of Serratia marcescens to PQ-1 was investigated using a random transposon-based mutagenesis approach [11].
• The industrial biocide chloracetamide-N-metholol (CAM) has been shown to be non-mutagenic to 6 strains of Salmonella using both the plate-incorporation and a pre-incubation test protocol [12].
• An optimized procedure of covalent glucose oxidase, urease, Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase and Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase immobilization on paramagnetic, non-porous, polyacrolein beads is presented [13].
• Sensitization either to this biocide and/or formaldehyde allergy was considered to have been likely to have made a contribution to the workers' dermatitis [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: Successful treatment of a chronic Lecythophora hoffmannii fungal mastoiditis involved a combination of radical surgical removal of all apparent infected tissue along with local treatments with polyhexamethylene biguanide, a common swimming pool biocide agent under the brand name Baquacil (Avecia, Manchester, United Kingdom) [15].

Biological context of acrylaldehyde

• Effective disinfection requires applied biocide concentration that increases quadratically or exponentially with biofilm thickness [16].
• Similar treatments with the lipid peroxidation products acrolein (ACR) and 4-oxononenal (4-ONE) resulted in 60 and 100% inhibition, respectively, suggesting inactivation of the chaperone via Cys modification [17].
• Decontamination treatments of burning and biocide application, alone and in combination with tillage, were evaluated for their ability to reduce populations of bacteria applied to the leaves of plants in field plots [18].
• This study demonstrates that Legionella spp. are present in tropical air-conditioning cooling systems and that, without continuous biocide treatment, they may reach densities that present a health risk [19].
• Acquired resistance arises through mutation or via the acquisition of plasmids or transposons; efflux of biocide is a major mechanism, although plasmid-mediated inactivation has also been shown to occur [20].

Anatomical context of acrylaldehyde

• In both human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) there was a dose-related decrease in surface SH and soluble SH after ACR and CRO treatment [21].
• Methylisothiazolinone, a neurotoxic biocide, disrupts the association of SRC family tyrosine kinases with focal adhesion kinase in developing cortical neurons [22].
• Chlorhexidine, the most used biocide in periodontology, alters the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane [23].
• The modifications mainly affected lauric, beta-hydroxylauric and palmitic acids, and they underlined the implication of the membranes in the cell response to the presence of the biocide [24].
• Treatment of calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with bleomycin-Fe(II) at 0 degree C for 5 min resulted in the formation of 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua) residues in DNA in a dose dependent manner, in addition to the formation of base propenal, a DNA-degradation product [25].

Associations of acrylaldehyde with other chemical compounds

• It is significant that the phosphonium biocide containing double decyl groups exhibited the broadest spectrum of activity against microorganisms tested and showed the greatest bacteriostatic activity against MRSA (MIC = 0.78 micrograms/ml) [26].
• Triclosan is a biocide currently used in a plethora of consumer and medical products that has recently been loaded into a ureteral stent [27].
• Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein (ACR) and crotonaldehyde (CRO) have been shown previously in our laboratory to inhibit the production of superoxide anion radical (O2-) by stimulated phagocytic cells in vitro in a dose-related manner [21].
• Biofilms, homoserine lactones and biocide susceptibility [28].
• The dispersion-deficient phenotype of the bdlA mutant was confirmed by treatment with the biocide H(2)O(2) and by microscopic observations [29].

Gene context of acrylaldehyde

• The layered plastic film stained for carbonyls and for amyloid (cross-beta structures) suggesting a polyacrolein-albumin colloidal mixture [6].
• We also show that the toxic actions of this biocide are zinc dependent and require the activation of p44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) via a 12-lipoxygenase-mediated pathway [30].
• Abeta (1-42) induces membrane lipid peroxidation, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and 2-propenal (acrolein) are the two reactive products of lipid peroxidation, which structurally modify proteins by covalent interaction and inhibit enzyme function [31].
• In addition, in PMN and PAM preincubated with 5-40 microM ACR, there was a dose-related inhibition in the rate of O2- production with no effect on the lag time as measured by cytochrome c reduction [21].
• An increase of biocide incorporation in the PS/DVB beads was accompanied by a corresponding enhancement of its concentration in liquid mixtures [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of acrylaldehyde

• The availability of the sil silver-resistance determinant will be the basis for mechanistic molecular and biochemical studies as well as molecular epidemiology of silver resistance in clinical settings in which silver is used as a biocide [33].
• Polyacrolein (PA) microspheres in sizes ranging from 0.04 micron to 40 microns were synthesized [34].
• Methods using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene probes to detect viable Legionella pneumophila were investigated with cells exposed to biocide or elevated temperature [35].
• Therapy of digoxin intoxication in dogs by specific hemoperfusion through agarose polyacrolein microsphere beads-antidigoxin antibodies [36].
• Covalent enzyme immobilization on paramagnetic polyacrolein beads [13].

References