Disease relevance of PRSS21

• The Genotype IBD Sharing Test suggested that this obesity-associated ENPP1 risk haplotype contributes to the observed chromosome 6q linkage with childhood obesity [1].
• Cancer genetics. Test could yield improved colon cancer detection [2].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change over time in scores on the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test as a function of APOE genotype, subclinical CVD, and diabetes mellitus [3].
• The presence of even very low levels of MDR1 mRNA correlated with the lack of response to MDR regimens in these tumor types (P < .035 for ovarian carcinomas, P < .029 for SCLCs, and P < .0005 for both tumor types; Fisher's Exact Test) [4].
• Serological evidence for H. pylori infection was less frequent in HLA-DQB1*0301-positive patients with gastric adenocarcinoma compared with HLA-DQB1*0301-negative patients (52% vs. 88%; Fisher's Exact Test; P = 0.007) [5].

Psychiatry related information on PRSS21

• Tests included the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) in 33 children and the visual-association and auditory-association subtests of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities in 38 and 37 children, respectively [6].
• Letter: Test for globus hystericus [7].
• On the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, long-term users recalled significantly fewer words than either shorter-term users (P =.001) or controls (P =.005); there was no difference between shorter-term users and controls [8].
• The volume index of alcohol consumption and the Michigan Alcoholic Screening Test were used to define alcoholic women [9].
• Further evidence for dementia of the prefrontal type in schizophrenia? A controlled study of teaching the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [10].

High impact information on PRSS21

• This reduction was related to the severity of the negative symptoms (for instance, emotional withdrawal) and to poor performance in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. We propose that dysfunction of D1R signalling in the prefrontal cortex may contribute to the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits seen in schizophrenia [11].
• Almost 40,000 selected seventh-grade students from the Middle Atlantic region of the United States took the College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test as part of the Johns Hopkins regional talent search in 1980, 1981, and 1982 [12].
• A substantial sex difference in mathematical reasoning ability (score on the mathematics test of the Scholastic Aptitude Test) in favor of boys was found in a study of 9927 intellectually gifted junior high school students [13].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Test sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic curves, and positive and negative predictive values at different pretest prevalences using plasma free metanephrines, plasma catecholamines, urinary catecholamines, urinary total and fractionated metanephrines, and urinary vanillylmandelic acid [14].
• The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, which probes the ability to shift attention from one category of stimulus attributes to another (shifting cognitive sets), is the most common paradigm used to detect human frontal lobe pathology [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of PRSS21

• The Personal Orientation Inventory, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Levenson's Internal and Powerful Others Locus of Control Scales, and the Embedded Figures Test were administered to matched groups of 35 bipolar manic-depressives and 35 normal comparison subjects [16].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We used the Buschke Selective Reminding Test to assess verbal learning during a 5-hour period after placebo or lorazepam administration [17].
• METHODS: Thirty-seven cocaine abusers and 27 control subjects were administered the following memory and mood measures: California Verbal Learning Test, recall of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Pursuit Rotor Task, and Profile of Mood States at 4 visits (within 72 hours of admission and at 10, 21, and 45 days following abstinence) [18].
• Verbal memory performance was assessed with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. RESULTS: Mean cortical [(123)I]beta-CIT-labeled 5-HT transporter density was significantly lower in recent MDMA users than in controls (1.17 vs. 1.28 [-9%]) but not in ex-MDMA users (1.24 vs. 1.28 [-3%]) [19].
• Psychometrics included the Wender Utah Rating Scale for symptoms of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. Veterans also completed the Combat Exposure Scale and subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised [20].

Biological context of PRSS21

• Here, we report the characterization of the gene encoding testisin, designated PRSS21, and its localization on the short arm of human chromosome 16 (16p13.3) between the microsatellite marker D16S246 and the radiation hybrid breakpoint CY23HA [21].
• The structure of PRSS21 is very similar to the human prostasin gene (PRSS8) which maps nearby on 16p11.2, suggesting that these genes may have evolved through gene duplication [21].
• The gene was localized to murine chromosome 17 A3.3-B; a region syntenic with the location of PRSS21 on human chromosome 16p13 [22].
• The murine Testisin gene comprises six exons and five introns and spans approximately 5 kb of genomic DNA with an almost identical structure to the human Testisin gene, PRSS21 [22].
• After enalapril administration for 66 h, there was a significant difference (P less than 0.01, Fisher Exact Test) in the blood pressure response in the two hypertensive subgroups [23].

Anatomical context of PRSS21

• On the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test the patients with schizophrenia obtained significantly fewer categories than either temporal lobe group, but were not significantly more perseverative [24].
• RESULTS: Deficit patients performed more poorly than nondeficit patients on two frontal lobe measures, the Stroop Color-Word Interference and Trails Making B tests, and one parietal lobe measure, the Mooney Faces Closure Test. There were no differences in performance on the temporal lobe measures between the two groups [25].
• Large amounts of an oxidizing species with properties identical to those described here have been characterized recently in polymorphonuclear leukocytes [S. J. Weiss, M. B. Lampert, and S. T. Test. Science (Wash. DC), 222: 625-627, 1983] [26].
• Two subgroups of left-handed males were identified on the basis of their differing speech lateralization patterns, which were inferred from results of the Fused Dichotic Words Test. These individuals then underwent MRI in order to obtain area measurements of the left and right planum temporale and the midsagittal corpus callosum [27].
• Neuropsychological tests that have been developed to measure this form of cognitive flexibility, such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, have reliably demonstrated that individuals with lesions in regions of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia have difficulty generating a cognitive set and altering rule-governed behavior [28].

Associations of PRSS21 with chemical compounds

• A step increase in glucose uptake alone, test 1, phase 2, (0.469 +/- 0.039 to 1.069 +/- 0.094 g/min) caused an increase in energy expenditure of 0.14 +/- 0.03 kcal/min (thermic effect 5.9 +/- 1.1%) [29].
• Among subgroups of depressed alcoholics, secondary compared with primary depressives were more often divorced, of lower social status, with an earlier onset of alcoholism, and higher Michigan Alcohol Screening Test scores [30].
• RESULTS: On the Degraded Stimulus-Continuous Performance Test and the Trail-Making Test B-Adolescent Version, the parents of COS probands performed significantly worse than the parents of CC and ADHD probands, who did not differ significantly from each other [31].
• In 148 patients, of 5 a priori predictors, the percent savings from immediate to delayed recall on the Selective Reminding Test and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Digit Symbol Test were the strongest predictors of time to conversion [32].
• RESULTS: Analysis of performance on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test revealed that both groups improved in their recall over repeated administrations, though the control group recalled significantly more of the information than cocaine subjects during the 45-day interval [18].

Other interactions of PRSS21

• The object was to test 1) the association of genetic variation in eNOS, as assessed by haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) with type 2 diabetes, and 2) the interaction between eNOS haplotypes and total energy expenditure on glucose intolerance [33].
• The glucose level was significantly higher during hyperthyroidism (test 1) than during euthyroidism (tests 2 and 3), whereas cortisol, insulin, GH, IGF-1, and leptin levels were similar [34].
• The peak GH responses between test 1 and test 2 correlated significantly in both the ITT and the PD + GHRH test (P < 0.02), and no significant difference was observed in the median peak response to repeated testing [35].
• Thereafter, a cannula was inserted into a forearm vein before performing the baseline maximal 1-h cycle (test 1 (T1)) [36].
• In the ITT no systematic differences were observed between test 1 and 2 concerning blood glucose, GH and cortisol before and after stimulation [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PRSS21

• In the year following the screening test 1 carcinoma (stage C) has presented in the group which accepted the test, and 10 carcinomas (4 stage B, 4 stage C, 2 stage D) have presented in the control group [38].
• The relative risk (RR) of remaining symptomatic after 1 year was reduced with endoscopy compared with "test and treat" (RR = 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.99). "Test and treat" cost 389 dollars less per patient (95% CI: 275-502 dollars) [39].
• Cerebral blood flow distribution was depicted by single photon emission computed tomography at rest and during activation with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. A significant relative activation deficit in the left inferior-prefrontal region was revealed during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in the patient group [40].
• Instruments included a diagnostic interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R: Psychotic Disorders), the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale [41].
• Left ventricular (LV) volumes and global and regional function were assessed by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during two 5-minute standardized mental stress tasks (simulated public speaking and the Stroop Color-Word Test), administered in random order [42].

References