Disease relevance of Adult Children

• We have previously shown, in a mouse model, that maternal pretreatment with magnesium sulfate (Mg) partially prevented the behavioral consequences of maternal hypoxia in the adult offspring [1].
• Exposure of pregnant ewes to dexamethasone, for only 2 days (term approximately 150 days) at 27 days of gestation (group D), results in adult offspring with high blood pressure [2].
• Moreover, inhibition of feto-placental 11 beta-HSD2 in the rat reduces birth weight and produces hypertensive and hyperglycaemic adult offspring, many months after prenatal treatment; effects are dependent upon intact maternal adrenals, suggesting a direct action on the fetus or placenta [3].
• Maternal exposure to atrazine during lactation suppresses suckling-induced prolactin release and results in prostatitis in the adult offspring [4].
• The adult offspring of taurine-deficient mothers display signs of impaired neurological function, impaired glucose tolerance and vascular dysfunction; they may develop gestational diabetes and transmit the effects to the next generation [5].

Psychiatry related information on Adult Children

• Low cortisol and risk for PTSD in adult offspring of holocaust survivors [6].
• The authors evaluated changes in serum prolactin levels as a measure of differences in response to ethanol between 30 healthy, drinking, young adult sons of alcoholics and 30 matched control subjects with no family history of psychiatric or substance abuse problems [7].
• Discrimination learning behavior and retention of a passive avoidance response were studied in male adult offspring of gestating rats exposed to drinking water containing 2 g/l sodium nitrite, throughout the second half of pregnancy [8].
• To study the developmental contributions to addictive behaviors, we measured behavioral responses in adult offspring to a cocaine sensitization paradigm following prenatal cocaine exposure [9].
• This article provides an overview of and results to date from the REVEAL study, a multisite randomized clinical trial (n = 162) examining the impact of a genetic risk assessment program, including apolipoprotein E genotype disclosure, for adult children of people with Alzheimer's disease [10].

High impact information on Adult Children

• METHODS: Ten adult children of parents with NIDDM and eight normal subjects were studied before starting an aerobic exercise-training program, after one session of exercise, and after six weeks of exercise [11].
• In the adult offspring, the neurochemical markers for the cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing neurons are severely reduced, whereas the noradrenergic markers are minimally altered [12].
• Gluconeogenesis, glucose handling, and structural changes in livers of the adult offspring of rats partially deprived of protein during pregnancy and lactation [13].
• Young adult offspring (age, 21 years [N = 433]) provided self-reports of drinking quantity and frequency and completed the Alcohol Dependence Scale as a measure of alcohol-related problems and dependence [14].
• Adult offspring were centrally infused with saline vehicle, the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), or the essential amino acid l-methionine [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Adult Children

• The male adult offspring received open-field testing and later received forepaw-on-dowel catalepsy testing following saline, morphine (20 mg/kg), or haloperidol (2 mg/kg) [16].

Biological context of Adult Children

• In this study we used the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique with an isotope-dilution method to define and quantify this postulated insulin resistance in adult offspring of streptozotocin-diabetic rats [17].
• Consumption of moderate quantities of ethanol during pregnancy produces deficits in long-term potentiation in the hippocampal formation of adult offspring [18].
• This study examined the consequences of perinatal salt intake on blood pressure (BP) and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adult offspring of dams on high-salt [HSD; 8% (HSD2) or 4% (HSD1)], normal-salt (NSD; 1.3%), or low-salt (LSD; 0.15% NaCl) diet during pregnancy and lactation [19].
• Behavior in the open field and forced swim tests, baseline plasma corticosterone levels, and hypothalamic LIF and CRH gene expression were evaluated in the adult offspring [20].
• It has been previously reported that tyrosine ingestion by the mother rat during gestation modifies different behavioral patterns in the adult offspring [21].

Anatomical context of Adult Children

• AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We investigated of the effects of fatty acid composition of the maternal diet on fetal and postnatal growth, morphology of the pancreas and glucose metabolism and muscle hexosamine concentrations in the adult offspring of rats [22].
• Levels of dopamine (DA) D(2) and glutamate (Glu) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors were differentially regulated in different forebrain regions of cross-fostered adult offspring [23].
• Moreover, Leydig cells isolated from these adult offspring exhibited an increased capacity for testosterone biosynthesis under basal (38.6%, P < .001) and LH-stimulated conditions (33.5%, P < .001) [24].
• Changes in sexual dimorphisms of saccharin preference and the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) were examined in adult offspring [25].
• The adult offspring from pCPA-treated dams revealed changes in behavioral indices of persistent pain (flexing + shaking and licking) in the formalin test (2.5%, 50 microl) that were accompanied by irreversible morphological alterations in the dorsal raphe nuclei [26].

Associations of Adult Children with chemical compounds

• Paternal and maternal death from cancer before age 60 years were associated with higher triglyceride levels in adult sons than in sons whose parents had lived beyond ages 60 and 75 [27].
• Prenatal stress induces high anxiety and postnatal handling induces low anxiety in adult offspring: correlation with stress-induced corticosterone secretion [28].
• METHOD: Twenty-four-hour urinary cortisol excretion was measured in 35 adult offspring of Holocaust survivors and 15 healthy comparison subjects who were not offspring of Holocaust survivors [6].
• OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to investigate whether maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of nicotine dependence among adult offspring [29].
• Streptozotocin diabetes in the pregnant rat induces cardiovascular dysfunction in adult offspring [30].

Gene context of Adult Children

• Elevated maternal interleukin-8 levels and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring [31].
• We assessed whether variations in maternal care were associated with differences in oxytocin receptors (OTR) or vasopressin (V1a) receptors in the brains of adult offspring [32].
• Mean arterial blood pressure response to ANG II was significantly increased, and depressor response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusions significantly decreased in male LP adult offspring relative to CTRL [33].
• Prenatal ethanol exposure reduces mGluR5 receptor number and function in the dentate gyrus of adult offspring [34].
• In contrast, lead exposure during early development produced a subsequent significant reduction of both the delayed-type hypersensitivity response and interferon gamma production in adult offspring independent of maternal diet [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Adult Children

• Here we report our findings from a microarray analysis of the frontal pole of the prenatally stressed adult offspring and non-stressed adult controls complemented with measurement of plasma corticosterone levels following exposure to an acute stress [36].
• Intravenous glucose tolerance testing was conducted at different times in dams and adult offspring [37].
• The subjects were 160 biologically unrelated Caucasian parents (80 women, 80 men) and 80 biologically unrelated adult offspring of the HERITAGE Family Study. The CKMM polymorphism was detected by PCR and digestion with the NcoI restriction enzyme [38].
• Opiate self-administration in adult offspring of methadone-treated female rats [39].
• Immunohistochemistry for renal angiotensin II was performed in the adult offspring [40].

References