Gene Review:
PITX2 - paired-like homeodomain 2
Homo sapiens
Synonyms:
ALL1-responsive protein ARP1, ARP1, Brx1, Homeobox protein PITX2, IDG2, ...
Hague,
Bernstein,
Ramineni,
Chen,
Minneman,
Hepler,
Vieira,
David,
Roche,
de la Houssaye,
Boutboul,
Arbogast,
Kobetz,
Orssaud,
Camand,
Schorderet,
Munier,
Rossi,
Delezoide,
Marsac,
Ricquier,
Dufier,
Menasche,
Abitbol,
Xia,
Wu,
Liu,
Xi,
Liang,
Zheng,
Cai,
Pan,
Long,
Dai,
Hu,
Tang,
Zhang,
Xia,
Amendt,
Sutherland,
Semina,
Russo,
Berman,
Wang,
Liu,
Dong,
Burke,
Liotta,
Fisher,
Wu,
Brooks,
Moroi,
Downs,
Wiltse,
Othman,
Semina,
Richards,
Berry,
Lines,
Oas,
Footz,
Underhill,
Gage,
Walter,
Martin,
Skidmore,
Philips,
Vieira,
Gage,
Condie,
Raphael,
Martinez,
Camper,
- Mutation in PITX2 is associated with ring dermoid of the cornea. Xia, K., Wu, L., Liu, X., Xi, X., Liang, D., Zheng, D., Cai, F., Pan, Q., Long, Z., Dai, H., Hu, Z., Tang, B., Zhang, Z., Xia, J. J. Med. Genet. (2004)
- Glaucoma genetics: where are we? Where will we go? Craig, J.E., Mackey, D.A. Current opinion in ophthalmology. (1999)
- N-Terminal Residues Control Proteasomal Degradation of RGS2, RGS4, and RGS5 in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells. Bodenstein, J., Sunahara, R.K., Neubig, R.R. Mol. Pharmacol. (2007)
- Mutations in PITX2 may contribute to cases of omphalocele and VATER-like syndromes. Katz, L.A., Schultz, R.E., Semina, E.V., Torfs, C.P., Krahn, K.N., Murray, J.C. Am. J. Med. Genet. A (2004)
- Selective loss of fine tuning of Gq/11 signaling by RGS2 protein exacerbates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Zhang, W., Anger, T., Su, J., Hao, J., Xu, X., Zhu, M., Gach, A., Cui, L., Liao, R., Mende, U. J. Biol. Chem. (2006)
- Identification of four new PITX2 gene mutations in patients with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Vieira, V., David, G., Roche, O., de la Houssaye, G., Boutboul, S., Arbogast, L., Kobetz, A., Orssaud, C., Camand, O., Schorderet, D.F., Munier, F., Rossi, A., Delezoide, A.L., Marsac, C., Ricquier, D., Dufier, J.L., Menasche, M., Abitbol, M. Mol. Vis. (2006)
- Rho-kinase and RGS-containing RhoGEFs as molecular targets for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Linder, A.E., Webb, R.C., Mills, T.M., Ying, Z., Lewis, R.W., Teixeira, C.E. Curr. Pharm. Des. (2005)
- Differences in regional and subcellular localization of G(q/11) and RGS4 protein levels in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with muscarinic M1 receptor binding parameters. Muma, N.A., Mariyappa, R., Williams, K., Lee, J.M. Synapse (2003)
- Predicting combinations of left and right asymmetries. Annett, M. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior. (2000)
- REGULATORs OF G PROTEIN SIGNALING & DRUGS OF ABUSE. Traynor, J.R., Neubig, R.R. Molecular interventions. (2005)
- DEP-Domain-Mediated Regulation of GPCR Signaling Responses. Ballon, D.R., Flanary, P.L., Gladue, D.P., Konopka, J.B., Dohlman, H.G., Thorner, J. Cell (2006)
- Cloning and characterization of a novel bicoid-related homeobox transcription factor gene, RIEG, involved in Rieger syndrome. Semina, E.V., Reiter, R., Leysens, N.J., Alward, W.L., Small, K.W., Datson, N.A., Siegel-Bartelt, J., Bierke-Nelson, D., Bitoun, P., Zabel, B.U., Carey, J.C., Murray, J.C. Nat. Genet. (1996)
- Inhibition of G-protein-mediated MAP kinase activation by a new mammalian gene family. Druey, K.M., Blumer, K.J., Kang, V.H., Kehrl, J.H. Nature (1996)
- PC cell-derived growth factor confers resistance to dexamethasone and promotes tumorigenesis in human multiple myeloma. Wang, W., Hayashi, J., Serrero, G. Clin. Cancer Res. (2006)
- Endogenous regulator of g protein signaling proteins reduce {mu}-opioid receptor desensitization and down-regulation and adenylyl cyclase tolerance in C6 cells. Clark, M.J., Traynor, J.R. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2005)
- Intraoperative detection of lung cancer by octreotide labeled to Indium-111. Pastore, V., Di Lieto, E., Mansi, L., Rambaldi, P.F., Santini, M., Mancusi, R. Seminars in surgical oncology. (1998)
- Second messengers regulate RGS2 expression which is targeted to the nucleus. Zmijewski, J.W., Song, L., Harkins, L., Cobbs, C.S., Jope, R.S. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (2001)
- PITX2 regulates procollagen lysyl hydroxylase (PLOD) gene expression: implications for the pathology of Rieger syndrome. Hjalt, T.A., Amendt, B.A., Murray, J.C. J. Cell Biol. (2001)
- A molecular basis for differential developmental anomalies in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Espinoza, H.M., Cox, C.J., Semina, E.V., Amendt, B.A. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2002)
- Dominant negative dimerization of a mutant homeodomain protein in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Saadi, I., Kuburas, A., Engle, J.J., Russo, A.F. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2003)
- Differential regulation of gene expression by PITX2 isoforms. Cox, C.J., Espinoza, H.M., McWilliams, B., Chappell, K., Morton, L., Hjalt, T.A., Semina, E.V., Amendt, B.A. J. Biol. Chem. (2002)
- Cell-specific activation of the atrial natriuretic factor promoter by PITX2 and MEF2A. Toro, R., Saadi, I., Kuburas, A., Nemer, M., Russo, A.F. J. Biol. Chem. (2004)
- The human BARX2 gene: genomic structure, chromosomal localization, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Hjalt, T.A., Murray, J.C. Genomics (1999)
- Variation in residual PITX2 activity underlies the phenotypic spectrum of anterior segment developmental disorders. Kozlowski, K., Walter, M.A. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2000)
- PITX2 is required for normal development of neurons in the mouse subthalamic nucleus and midbrain. Martin, D.M., Skidmore, J.M., Philips, S.T., Vieira, C., Gage, P.J., Condie, B.G., Raphael, Y., Martinez, S., Camper, S.A. Dev. Biol. (2004)
- Antagonistic regulation of Dlx2 expression by PITX2 and Msx2: implications for tooth development. Green, P.D., Hjalt, T.A., Kirk, D.E., Sutherland, L.B., Thomas, B.L., Sharpe, P.T., Snead, M.L., Murray, J.C., Russo, A.F., Amendt, B.A. Gene Expr. (2001)
- Solution structure of the K50 class homeodomain PITX2 bound to DNA and implications for mutations that cause Rieger syndrome. Chaney, B.A., Clark-Baldwin, K., Dave, V., Ma, J., Rance, M. Biochemistry (2005)
- Mutation in the RIEG1 gene in patients with iridogoniodysgenesis syndrome. Kulak, S.C., Kozlowski, K., Semina, E.V., Pearce, W.G., Walter, M.A. Hum. Mol. Genet. (1998)
- Adrenergic modulation of NMDA receptors in prefrontal cortex is differentially regulated by RGS proteins and spinophilin. Liu, W., Yuen, E.Y., Allen, P.B., Feng, J., Greengard, P., Yan, Z. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2006)
- Protein kinase C phosphorylates RGS2 and modulates its capacity for negative regulation of Galpha 11 signaling. Cunningham, M.L., Waldo, G.L., Hollinger, S., Hepler, J.R., Harden, T.K. J. Biol. Chem. (2001)
- Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) inhibits androgen-independent activation of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Cao, X., Qin, J., Xie, Y., Khan, O., Dowd, F., Scofield, M., Lin, M.F., Tu, Y. Oncogene (2006)
- Functional interactions between FOXC1 and PITX2 underlie the sensitivity to FOXC1 gene dose in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and anterior segment dysgenesis. Berry, F.B., Lines, M.A., Oas, J.M., Footz, T., Underhill, D.A., Gage, P.J., Walter, M.A. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2006)
- The molecular basis of Rieger syndrome. Analysis of Pitx2 homeodomain protein activities. Amendt, B.A., Sutherland, L.B., Semina, E.V., Russo, A.F. J. Biol. Chem. (1998)
- Structural basis of the Axin-adenomatous polyposis coli interaction. Spink, K.E., Polakis, P., Weis, W.I. EMBO J. (2000)
- Selective inhibition of alpha1A-adrenergic receptor signaling by RGS2 association with the receptor third intracellular loop. Hague, C., Bernstein, L.S., Ramineni, S., Chen, Z., Minneman, K.P., Hepler, J.R. J. Biol. Chem. (2005)
- Protein kinase C phosphorylation modulates N- and C-terminal regulatory activities of the PITX2 homeodomain protein. Espinoza, H.M., Ganga, M., Vadlamudi, U., Martin, D.M., Brooks, B.P., Semina, E.V., Murray, J.C., Amendt, B.A. Biochemistry (2005)
- A functional polymorphism in RGS6 modulates the risk of bladder cancer. Berman, D.M., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Dong, Q., Burke, L.A., Liotta, L.A., Fisher, R., Wu, X. Cancer Res. (2004)
- Galpha protein dependent and independent effects of human RGS1 expression in yeast. Li, X.Y., Yang, Z., Greenwood, M.T. Cell. Signal. (2004)
- Digenic inheritance of early-onset glaucoma: CYP1B1, a potential modifier gene. Vincent, A.L., Billingsley, G., Buys, Y., Levin, A.V., Priston, M., Trope, G., Williams-Lyn, D., Héon, E. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (2002)
- Reduced human and murine corneal thickness in an axenfeld-rieger syndrome subtype. Asai-Coakwell, M., Backhouse, C., Casey, R.J., Gage, P.J., Lehmann, O.J. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2006)
- Novel identification of a four-base-pair deletion mutation in PITX2 in a Rieger syndrome family. Wang, Y., Zhao, H., Zhang, X., Feng, H. J. Dent. Res. (2003)
- A novel mutation in the PITX2 gene in a family with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Brooks, B.P., Moroi, S.E., Downs, C.A., Wiltse, S., Othman, M.I., Semina, E.V., Richards, J.E. Ophthalmic Genet. (2004)