Disease relevance of Pyloric Antrum

• Gastrinoma, retained gastric antrum, and hyperparathyroidism are the most frequently encountered endocrine causes [1].
• Mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric antrum contain an increased amount of myeloperoxidase [2].
• Parenteral neurotensin in the doses and at the times administered, led therefore, to hyperplasia of the pancreas and induced growth of the gastric antrum [3].
• The CK7/20 immunophenotype of IM in the gastric cardia closely resembles that of the IM in the gastric antrum and corpus and is different from IM in long-segment Barrett's esophagus [4].
• We have previously reported that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients taking NSAIDs long term (NSAIDs group) are more likely to develop gastric ulcers, which commonly occur in the gastric antrum [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pyloric Antrum

• BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 (5-HT(1)) receptor agonism on the co-ordinated motor activity of the gastric antrum, pylorus and duodenum under fasting and fed conditions [6].

High impact information on Pyloric Antrum

• By using an antibody against the amino terminus of prosomatostatin, a decapeptide with the structure Ala-Pro-Ser-Asp-Pro-Arg-Leu-Arg-Gln-Phe, corresponding to preprosomatostatin (25-34), was isolated from the endocrine portion of the rat stomach, the gastric antrum [7].
• Recently a decapeptide derived from the NH2 terminus of the prohormone has been identified in extracts of rat gastric antrum and named antrin [8].
• Increased iNOS and COX-2 levels were confirmed by Northern and Western blot analysis and were both greater in the gastric antrum than in the gastric body of infected patients [9].
• Infection of the gastric antrum increases gastrin release [10].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: In gastric antrum, somatostatin exerts a tonic inhibitory influence on gastrin and histamine secretion [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pyloric Antrum

• The present results suggest that KW-5092 enhances the GI motor activity in a wide range from the gastric antrum to the colon and does not induce behavioral and cardiovascular side effects [12].
• Intussusception of a fundal mass into the gastric antrum can cause a confusing appearance on the double-contrast barium study [13].
• We concluded that ursodeoxycholic acid had no action on the colonization by Helicobacter pylori or on the polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltrate, but it caused a significant reduction in the intensity of the mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate of the gastric antrum [14].

Biological context of Pyloric Antrum

• Membrane potential recordings, made from the circular smooth muscle layer of the gastric antrum taken from mutant mice which lacked the inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) type 1 receptor, were compared with those obtained from the stomach of control (wild-type) mice [15].
• The present study showed that the main source of urinary NT G-34-IR is the gastric antrum, that the main factor fluctuating its excretion is food intake, and that long-term TPN reduces basal gastrin secretion [16].
• These results indicate the importance of the antrum-pyloric region for the control of gastric emptying rate of isotonic saline and hyperosmolar glucose solution [17].
• Regulation of somatostatin gene expression was studied in the rat gastric antrum [18].
• The human gastrin transgene was expressed in fetal islets, but was not expressed in adult gastric antrum [19].

Anatomical context of Pyloric Antrum

• The highest concentration of antrin immunofluorescent cells is located in the mucosa of the gastric antrum [8].
• We found that in rats fed chow pellets for 1 h after a 24-h fast, indomethacin given within 2 h after refeeding produced lesions in the gastric antrum, primarily along the lesser curvature, and also in the small intestine [20].
• Gastrin, produced by G cells in the gastric antrum, has been identified as the circulating hormone responsible for stimulation of acid secretion from the parietal cell [21].
• Gastrin is expressed in the gastric antrum and in fetal pancreatic islets but not in adult islets [22].
• In animals from which the celiac/superior mesenteric ganglia were removed, or the gastric antrum resected 2 weeks earlier, responses to gastric distension and CCK-8 were maintained [23].

Associations of Pyloric Antrum with chemical compounds

• Indomethacin produces mucosal lesions in both the gastric antrum and small intestine in rats refed for 1 h after a 24-h fast [24].
• In the gastric antrum, erythromycin significantly increased the total duration, amplitude, and area under contractions from 0 to 60 minutes and frequency of contractions from 0 to 30 minutes from the start of its infusion in the fasted state [25].
• Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of spiral bacteria from the gastric antrum [26].
• A larger transcript containing Intron II was present in both cancers and normal mucosa but was barely discernible in the gastric antrum [27].
• This study suggests that amoxycillin and cimetidine are relatively effective at clearing H pylori from the gastric antrum, but that escape from treatment may occur in the gastric body, and especially the fundus [28].

Gene context of Pyloric Antrum

• Gastrin is a hormone produced by G-cells in the normal gastric antrum [29].
• We obtained endoscopic pinch biopsies of, and extracted the RNA from, epithelial cells lining the esophagus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, and proximal and descending colon, RT-PCR demonstrated that GRP-R expression is limited to cells lining the gastric antrum, indicating that this receptor is aberrantly expressed by GI cancers [30].
• SP predominates in the gastric antrum as a 12 kDa form [31].
• This study aimed to determine the distribution of MUC 5 and MUC 6 in the gastric antrum of dyspeptic patients, and to investigate changes in this pattern in the presence of H. pylori and after successful eradication [32].
• METHODS: Biopsy specimens obtained from the gastric antrum and corpus of H. pylori-infected (n = 13) and noninfected children (n = 15) were studied for immunolocalization of Ki-67, single-strand DNA, manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and CD68, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pyloric Antrum

• The ulcerogenic actions of aspirin and sodium salicylate in cat gastric antrum following intravenous injection, and their effects on the synthesis of two major cyclo-oxygenase products by antral mucosa have been determined [34].
• Transplantation of 75% of the gastric antrum into the colon caused a hypergastrinemia and increased the sensitivity of the control gastric pouches to the various stimuli but had no such effect on those gastric pouches infiltrated with ethyl alcohol [35].
• Immunohistochemistry and morphometry of gastrin cells in the rat pyloric antrum during starvation [36].
• At endoscopy, biopsies from gastric antrum and body were obtained for histological study (haematoxylin and eosin) [37].
• Natural prostaglandin E2, at the highest dose range, reduced significantly the mitotic index in the gastric antrum [38].

References