Disease relevance of Cytoprotection

• Increased capacity for glutathione synthesis enhances resistance to radiation in Escherichia coli: a possible model for mammalian cell protection [1].
• Aspirin-induced cytoprotection from hydrogen peroxide toxicity was mimicked by exogenous iron-free apoferritin but not iron-loaded ferritin, demonstrating the antioxidant function of newly synthesized ferritin under these conditions [2].
• The lack of cell protection by fructose added after the onset of the hypoxia may be explained by a lesser fructose-1-phosphate formation and a subsequently low accumulation leading to insufficient glycolytic ATP production [3].
• Role of intracellular pH during cytoprotection of proximal tubule cells by glycine or acidosis [4].
• The present study was undertaken to assess whether isoflurane anesthesia might confer in vivo cytoprotection, possibly by causing renal tubular inorganic fluoride exposure, thereby mitigating a combined myoglobin/ATP depletion model of acute renal failure (glycerol-induced ARF) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cytoprotection

• Inhibition of gastric motor activity by 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. A possible explanation of cytoprotection [6].
• Chronic cytoprotection: pentadecapeptide BPC 157, ranitidine and propranolol prevent, attenuate and reverse the gastric lesions appearance in chronic alcohol drinking rats [7].

High impact information on Cytoprotection

• Cytoprotection by NF-kappaB involves the activation of pro-survival genes; however, its basis remains poorly understood [8].
• The anti-inflammatory properties of heme oxygenase-1 may serve as a basis for this cytoprotection [9].
• As the airway epithelium is morphologically similar and also expresses one of these receptors, PAR2, and is a major source of PGE2, we reasoned that bronchial epithelial PAR2 might also participate in prostanoid-dependent cytoprotection in the airways [10].
• PGE2 stimulates gastric chloride transport: possible key to cytoprotection [11].
• These observations suggest that endogenous nonprotein sulfhydryls may mediate prostaglandin-induced gastric cytoprotection and that sulfhydryl drugs may have potential for preventing or treating hemorrhagic gastric erosions [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cytoprotection

• Glutathione has been implicated to function in cytoprotection against cadmium toxicity [13].
• Therefore, the mechanism of cytoprotection by acidosis appears distinct from that of ouabain or furosemide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[14]
• To our knowledge, this is the first example in which cytoprotection by resveratrol has been demonstrated by EPR spin-trapping competition kinetics to be due to its scavenging of the radicals responsible for the toxicity of a prooxidant [15].
• This decrease in calpain activity was accompanied by dose-dependent cytoprotection against hypoxia and ionomycin-induced cell membrane damage [16].
• Role of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor in tubular cell protection against acute cyclosporine toxicity [17].

Biological context of Cytoprotection

• Amino acid substitutions can influence the natural killer (NK)-mediated recognition of HLA-C molecules. Role of serine-77 and lysine-80 in the target cell protection from lysis mediated by "group 2" or "group 1" NK clones [18].
• Studies utilizing [1-14C]pyruvate further demonstrated 1-C decarboxylation concurrent with cytoprotection by pyruvate from H2O2-induced injury [19].
• These results are consistent with a model whereby MKP-1 provides cytoprotection against UV-induced apoptosis by inhibiting UV-induced SAPK activity [20].
• Thus, IL-6 is a major cytokine mediator of metallothionein gene expression and zinc metabolism in hepatocytes and provides cytoprotection from CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity via a mode consistent with dependence upon increased cellular metallothionein synthesis and zinc accumulation [21].
• Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) confers cytoprotection against oxidative stress [22].

Anatomical context of Cytoprotection

• In this report the relationship of MCP expression to C3b deposition and cytoprotection was examined using NIH/3T3 cells transfected with human MCP and exposed to human serum as a source of C and naturally occurring anti-mouse antibody [23].
• Prostaglandin synthesis by the gastric mucosa also does not appear to play a major role in the mechanism of adaptive cytoprotection [24].
• This study examined the contribution of the "mucoid cap" that forms on the gastric mucosal surface after the application of an irritant to the increased resistance of the mucosa to damage induced by a subsequent application of ethanol ("adaptive cytoprotection") [24].
• We conclude that in health, mucosal prostaglandin generation in the duodenum is induced post cibum in relation to duodenal acid load; this may be a physiologic example of adaptive cytoprotection [25].
• These data suggest that salivary gland factors affected adaptive cytoprotection induced by an irritant dose of ethanol [26].

Associations of Cytoprotection with chemical compounds

• A combination of biochemical and morphological methods with ethanol-induced injury to GMC is proposed for direct cytoprotection investigations [27].
• Similarly, indomethacin inhibited mucin secretion by cysteamine but did not significantly influence cytoprotection [28].
• Secondly, it investigated whether reduced glutathione or oxidized glutathione is responsible for this cytoprotection [29].
• Inhibition of proteolysis by glycine was dose dependent over the same range as its cytoprotection [30].
• Glycine cytoprotection during lethal hepatocellular injury from adenosine triphosphate depletion [30].

Gene context of Cytoprotection

• The extent of Bcl-2-mediated cytoprotection was not significantly different for heterozygous (-/+) versus homozygous (-/-) Apaf-1 knockout cells [31].
• Cysteamine-induced ulceration in EGF(-/-) mice was used to examine its role in mucosal cytoprotection [32].
• Cytoprotection by CD40 involves activation of protective genes mediated by NF-kappa B transcription factors; however, its basis remains poorly understood [33].
• The cytoprotection rendered by Stat4 disruption remains HO-1-dependent [34].
• Induction of endothelial cell decay-accelerating factor by vascular endothelial growth factor: a mechanism for cytoprotection against complement-mediated injury during inflammatory angiogenesis [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cytoprotection

• If any general benefits of prostaglandin cytoprotection are to be harnessed to clinical ends, drug delivery systems that ensure long-lasting contact with the gastroduodenal mucosa may be needed [36].
• To determine whether cytoprotection of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) by keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) averts GVHD-related injury to the thymus, a nonirradiated murine parent-->F(1) transplantation model was investigated [37].
• However, 5-hydroxydecanoate and diazoxide- mitochondrial K(ATP) channel modulators-did not affect NO-dependent cytoprotection or reperfusion injury [38].
• This study performed in a clinically relevant ex vivo cold ischemia model is the first to provide the evidence that HO-1-mediated cytoprotection against hepatic I/R injury depends on the generation of, and can be substituted by, exogenous CO [39].
• To investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MT participates in this cytoprotection, transgenic mice containing high levels of cardiac MT and non-transgenic controls were treated intraperitoneally with DOX at a single dose of 15 mg/kg and sacrificed on the 4th day after treatment [40].

References