Disease relevance of benzethonium

• Helicobacter pylori may be transmitted through gastrofiberscope even after manual Hyamine washing [1].
• Inhibitory effect of benzethonium and zinc chloride mouthrinses on human dental plaque and gingivitis [2].
• Vulvar dermatitis and fissures--irritant dermatitis from methyl benzethonium chloride [3].
• Interpretation of ultrastructural changes in Cladophora glomerata resulting from hyamine toxicity [4].
• The stability of pertussis component (glutaraldehyde or heat inactivated pertussis vaccine) of the adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine preserved in thiomersal or benzethonium chloride was studied at 4-8 degrees C and 35 degrees C for 30 days [5].

High impact information on benzethonium

• By assaying urine containing added alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and albumin, we found that alpha 1-acid glycoprotein causes the PS/TCA method to underestimate the total urine protein concentration, whereas the benzethonium chloride method is unaffected [6].
• A micro-method for measuring total protein in cerebrospinal fluid by using benzethonium chloride in microtiter plate wells [7].
• The cationic detergent Hyamine strongly decreased the binding, and its effect was trypsin and neuraminidase had no effect [8].
• 13C appearance in the expired air was measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, whereas 14C appearance was quantified by trapping expired CO(2) in solution (using hyamine hydroxide) and adding a scintillator before counting radioactivity [9].
• Innervation of dromyosuppressin (DMS) immunoreactive processes and effect of DMS and benzethonium chloride on the Phormia regina (Meigen) crop [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of benzethonium

• An alcohol-based healthcare hand rub (ZBF hand rub) containing this unique synergistic combination of farnesol and benzethonium chloride was then developed and its efficacy as a healthcare hand rub was evaluated in human volunteers according to the US FDA-TFM protocol using Serratia marcescens as a marker organism [11].
• Topical ointments containing MgO or MgSO4 and irrigations with or subconjunctival injections of H2O or solutions containing NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, LaCl3, hyamine, zephiran, calcium gluconate or a mixture of divalent metal ions were tested for toxicity and for therapeutic value in ocular HF burns [12].
• Ketamine, a cataleptic analgesic substance which theoretically may block pain receptors in the spinal cord, providing pain relief without respiratory depression, was injected intrathecally with or without benzethonium chloride 0.1 mg/ml (a preservative) into 8 monkeys under anaesthesia [13].
• After calling the salon and consulting Poisindex, the substance was found to be Mar-V-cide, containing 20% Hyamine 3500, 50% cationic detergents, 20% isopropyl alcohol, and 1% sodium nitrite, which caused the methemoglobinemia in this case [14].

Biological context of benzethonium

• When appropriate concentrations of benzethonium were added, an IC50 of 15 +/- 2 microM resulted [15].
• Here we report the effect of a nonpeptide, benzethonium chloride (bztc), on Drosophila melanogaster larval, pupal, and adult heart rates in vivo [16].

Anatomical context of benzethonium

• Thus, Pz-peptidase B may have been overlooked in previous studies employing extraction of spermatozoa with Hyamine 2389 [17].
• When applied directly to the D. melanogaster heart, in the absence of hemolymph, bztc reduced the frequency of spontaneous contractions in larval, pupal, and adult hearts [16].
• Hyamine and SDS-soluble extracts of rat testis tissue contained an additional group of argentophilic polypeptides of lower molecular weight (115, 94, 36, 23, and 21 kDa) [18].
• The outer acrosome membrane and acrosomal material extracted by Hyamine contained about 35-40% of the total acrosin activity, and three quarters of it was soluble [19].
• Practically all the vitamin A was found in the fractions obtained by treatment with hypotonic MgCl2 (acrosomal region) and/or with hyamine and dithiothreitol (plasma membrane) [20].

Associations of benzethonium with other chemical compounds

• Values for an aqueous pH 7 chloroform system increased from zero in the absence of additives to 2.28, 1.86, 1.82, and 1.70 for equimolar amounts of benzalkonium, tetraheptylammonium, benzethonium, and cetalkonium chlorides, respectively [21].
• After a single episode of hand hygiene, alcohol/silver iodide, CHG, triclosan, and benzethonium chloride were similar to the controls in reduction of MS2, but, in general, handwipes and alcohol-based handrubs showed significantly lower efficacy [22].
• Excreted radioactivity (mu Ci/min) was measured by bubbling the expired air into an apparatus containing 3 mEq hyamine to trap CO2 from a 20-L Douglas-bag [23].
• In this study, a capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the determination of cationic surfactants, benzethonium and cetylpyridinium ions, which are commonly used as preservatives in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products [24].
• Using cytotoxicity as a guide to fractionation, one novel acetogenin, annoreticuin-9-one [3], and four known cytotoxic acetogenins, squamone [4], solamin [5], annomonicin [6] and rolliniastatin 2 [7], were isolated from active extracts of the leaves of the Formosan plant Annona reticulata [25].

Gene context of benzethonium

• Both proteinases are inhibited by traditional inhibitors of cysteine proteinases and E-64, but leupeptin turned to be more effective inhibitor of cathepsin L (Ki = 2.4 nM) than of cathepsin H (Ki = 9.2 microM), the latter enzyme being sensitive to puromycin and benzethonium chloride as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[26]
• Urease B gene of Helicobacter pylori was detected in 50% of the wash-out samples from the biopsy-suction channel of a fiberscope after manual Hyamine washing by nested polymerase chain reaction, and bacterial culture revealed viable Helicobacter pylori in 19% [1].
• The use of benzethonium chloride as an internal standard and thioglycerol as a FAB matrix allowed the direct and specific determination of the BAK content (0.004-0.020%) in commercial hard contact lens solutions through the individual assay of the two alkyl homologues [27].
• The increase of the total acrosin activity during the Hyamine treatment indicates that acrosin is partly in an inactive form. due either to steric hindrance, inhibitor complex of existence of a proacrosin [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of benzethonium

• Samples of breath carbon dioxide (2 mmol) were collected at 10, 20, and 30 min later by trapping in hyamine solution; 14C activity was measured by liquid scintillation counting [28].
• Dipstick urinalysis recorded the lowest prevalence (16.2%) and the Benzethonium Chloride assay measuring total protein excretion in 24 h recorded the highest (70.1%) [29].
• RESULTS: The benzethonium chloride, Coomassie blue, and pyrogallol red assays for urine protein, the immunoassay for human albumin and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Coomassie blue staining were unable to detect the albumin fragments [30].
• In all of the antimicrobial active grapefruit seed extracts, the preservative benzethonium chloride was detected by thin layer chromatography [31].
• (Data for diphenhydramine/benzethonium were not obtainable with the methodology used.) It is recommended that sterile medications maintained in preserved MDVs be stored at romm temperature after initial use (i.e., after exposure to possible contamination) unless drug stability considerations dictate otherwise [32].

References