Disease relevance of Banamine

• We studied the porcine pulmonary response to endotoxemia before and after administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID, i.e., indomethacin or flunixin meglumine) or dexamethasone (DEX) [1].
• Foals were administered 1.1 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg of body weight, PO/day for 30 days in an encapsulated form that was divided into 2 doses/day (group 1; n = 3) or by IM injection once a day (group 2; n = 7) [2].
• Effect of flunixin meglumine on Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin-induced diarrhea in calves [3].
• The clinical effect of flunixin meglumine administration was determined in cows with acute mastitis induced by intramammary administration of endotoxin [4].
• Efficacy of flunixin meglumine for the treatment of endotoxin-induced bovine mastitis [4].

Psychiatry related information on Banamine

• These results indicate that flunixin meglumine is a parenterally and orally effective analgesic in animals and is unlikely to have narcotic or drug dependence liability [5].

High impact information on Banamine

• Postpartum beef cows, mated at weaning-induced first estrus, received i.m. injections every 8 h on Days 4 through 9 of 3 ml saline or 1 g flunixin meglumine (experiment 2); 14 flunixin meglumine-treated cows were luteectomized on Day 7 [6].
• In mice, flunixin meglumine is equipotent to pentazocine and more potent than meperidine and codeine in the abdominal constriction test [5].
• Drug concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (penicillin G, flunixin meglumine) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gentamicin) [7].
• OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of flunixin meglumine and etodolac treatment on recovery of ischemic-injured equine jejunal mucosa after 18 hours of reperfusion [8].
• Effects of flunixin meglumine or etodolac treatment on mucosal recovery of equine jejunum after ischemia [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Banamine

• Effect of phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine on acute toxic mastitis in dairy cows [9].
• Migratory responses of N-PMNs were inhibited less by SAIDs than were responses of A-PMNs (P less than 0.05); indeed dexamethasone slightly enhanced N-PMN responses towards C5a, and 510 microM flunixin meglumine enhanced C5a-induced migration in both age groups [10].
• The relative toxicity of phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, and ketoprofen was studied in healthy adult horses [11].
• OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of a single dose of pentoxifylline (PTX), flunixin meglumine (FM), and their combination (FM/PTX) in a model of equine endotoxemia [12].
• Two cyclooxygenase inhibitors (flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone) and a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor were assessed in the management of experimental equine endotoxemia [13].

Biological context of Banamine

• Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in donkeys, mules, and horses [14].
• However, to inhibit and postpone luteolysis, administration of FM four times daily is a necessity [15].
• Effects of flunixin meglumine on blood pressure and fluid compartment volume changes in ponies given endotoxin [16].
• Mean body temperature fell significantly in the flunixin meglumine treated group [17].
• Although ERPF and ERBF decreased after flunixin meglumine administration, the difference was not statistically significant [18].

Anatomical context of Banamine

• Ultrastructure of equine endothelial cells exposed to endotoxin and flunixin meglumine and equine neutrophils [19].
• Data were obtained on the distribution of flunixin between plasma and acute inflammatory exudate following administration of a single intravenous dose of 1.1 mg/kg bodyweight flunixin meglumine [20].
• Cells also were incubated in the presence of 1,000, 5,000, or 20,000 neutrophils/ml plus ET and in the presence of a combination of ET and flunixin meglumine for 1 or 3 hours [19].
• Effects of a therapeutic dose of flunixin meglumine on gastric mucosa of horse foals were determined by endoscopy, double-contrast radiography, and gross and histologic examinations [2].
• Effects of flunixin meglumine on short circuit current in equine colonic mucosa in vitro [21].

Associations of Banamine with other chemical compounds

• Effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone in healthy mares [22].
• Incremental doses of PGE2, PGF2alpha,, PGI2, flunixin meglumine, carprofen, ketoprofen, and phenylbutazone were added to the baths, and the contractile activity was recorded for each location and orientation of smooth muscle [23].
• In this study, the effects of indometacin (indomethacin) and clobetasol-17-propionate (administered topically) as well as flunixin meglumine and meloxicam (administered via the perfusion fluid) have been studied [24].
• The pharmacokinetics and inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in conscious horses given various dosages of flunixin meglumine were studied [25].
• The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the effect of Banamine on the seminal concentration of PGE2 and 2) the ability of sperm cells from treated rams to undergo acrosome reaction in vitro as an indirect measure of their fertilizing capacity [26].

Gene context of Banamine

• Carprofen and flunixin meglumine, but not phenylbutazone, inhibited LPS-induction of iNOS [27].
• In contrast, NSAID such as phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine were more potent inhibitors of COX-1 than COX-2 in canine and equine blood [28].
• Flunixin meglumine inhibits prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase [29].
• Other modulators of cellular function including phenylbutazone (PBZ, 100 microMs), flunixin meglumine (FM, 100 microMs) and interleukin-4 (IL-4, 100 ng/ml) modestly inhibited synthesis of NO, but did not improve cellular viability [30].
• Phenylbutazone and FM have distinct effects on carrageenan-induced cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and platelet COX (COX-1) [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Banamine

• Our results show that oral administration of FM in the bovine species can be of value both in research as well as in the clinic, e.g. to support the luteal function [15].
• In the second estrus, six sows were given intravenous injections of flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg body weight) every sixth hour from 4 to 8 h after time of ovulation until about 48 h after ovulation, at which time the sows were slaughtered [32].
• Serum was analyzed in duplicate by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of flunixin meglumine concentrations [14].
• Group-2 ponies remained clinically normal, indicating protection of cardiovascular function and peripheral perfusion with flunixin meglumine [33].
• Clinically ill foals were treated with antimicrobial drugs, intravenous fluid therapy, flunixin meglumine, and anti-endotoxin hyperimmune serum [34].

References