Disease relevance of Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic

• Obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts by lymphocytes is regulated by IFN-gamma in experimental biliary atresia [1].
• Cancer in extrahepatic bile ducts was associated with ovarian cancer and that in ampulla of Vater with thyroid cancer; however, these associations may have been fortuitous [2].
• Clinical value of K-ras codon 12 analysis and endobiliary brush cytology for the diagnosis of malignant extrahepatic bile duct stenosis [3].
• We investigated their role in the pathogenesis of 9 bile tract cancer cell lines and 21 primary sporadic extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas. p53 and p16 protein expression was examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry [4].
• We reviewed the clinical records of 13 patients with invasive papillary carcinomas of the extrahepatic bile ducts and analyzed the microscopic features and selected immunohistochemical reactivity (p53, Mib-1, and Dpc4) that might correlate with patient survival [5].

High impact information on Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic

• Endosonographic TNM staging of extrahepatic bile duct cancer: comparison with pathological staging [6].
• Indices of total liver activity, liver cell uptake, liver parenchymal clearance, and bile duct clearance of 99mtechnetium p-isopropyl iminodiacetic acid were calculated from time--activity curves over heart, liver, extrahepatic bile ducts, and gallbladder [7].
• In baboons cyclic AMP was also determined in liver, extrahepatic duct tissue, and in perfusate from isolated segments of extrahepatic bile ducts [8].
• Furthermore, more than 40% of adult female Mdr2(-/-) mice show intra- and extrahepatic bile duct stones [9].
• Decreased p27(Kip1) was associated with cyclin D1 overexpression (P =.0202), and coincident abnormalities of the 2 proteins occurred in 16 of the 34 (47%) tumors, indicating that extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma progression may require synchronous dysfunction of p27(Kip1) and cyclin D1 in about half of patients [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic

• Hepatic steady-state NTCP mRNA levels in a group of 23 pre- and postportoenterostomy biliary atresia patients were inversely related to total bilirubin, indicating that extrahepatic bile duct obstruction leads to down-regulation of NTCP mRNA levels, similar to that observed in rat common bile duct ligation [11].
• Female Syrian golden hamsters were first subjected to cholecystoduodenostomy with dissection of the extrahepatic bile duct on the distal end of the common duct (CDDB) and were, 4 weeks later, treated with weekly subcutaneous injections of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 9 weeks [12].
• Biliary atresia (BA) is characterized by luminal obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct with fibrous remnants [13].
• On the basis of histologic findings, dogs were assigned to groups (1 to 8, respectively) including: extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, cirrhosis, portal systemic vascular anastomosis (PSVA), hepatic necrosis, intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, neoplasia, and secondary disease [14].
• The distribution of laminin, a basement membrane glycoprotein, was studied by an immunohistochemical technique in six samples of benign sclerosing lesions of extrahepatic bile ducts and in 11 sclerosing cholangiocarcinomas [15].

Biological context of Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic

• METHODS: We analyzed microsatellite alterations using 7 microsatellite markers in 38 cases of extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) cancer and 16 cases of ampullary cancer using polymerase chain reaction and an automated fluorescent DNA sequencer [16].
• The extrahepatic biliary system is in direct luminal continuity with the developing intrahepatic biliary system throughout gestation and does not have a "solid stage" as suggested previously [17].
• Pharmacokinetics for combination trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) was studied in only four patients with biliary atresia (BA): three girls, 6.2,8.0 and 8.2 years of age and one boy 8.4 years of age, as this is an uncommon obstructive anomaly of the extrahepatic biliary system and has been described as having a poor prognosis [18].

Anatomical context of Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic

• In this model, the genetic loss of IFN-gamma did not alter the onset of jaundice, but it remarkably suppressed the tissue-specific targeting of T lymphocytes and completely prevented the inflammatory and fibrosing obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts [1].
• We examined expression of alpha-amylase isozymes (pancreatic and salivary), trypsin and pancreatic lipase on the epithelium of extrahepatic peribiliary glands immunohistochemically using 53 autopsied normal extrahepatic bile ducts [19].
• Thirty-four patients with subtotally resected or unresectable carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts received radiation therapy; a minimum of 45 Gy (external beam) to the tumor and regional lymph nodes +/- 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) [20].
• Therefore, 48 CC from different locations, either peripheral (n = 19), or nonperipheral, that is, from the large intrahepatic bile ducts, the hilum, and the extrahepatic bile ducts (n = 29), and with different cytoarchitectural patterns were tested for CK7 and CK20 and compared with 31 CRM [21].
• Immunohistochemical labeling for the Dpc4 gene product is a specific marker of carcinoma in biopsy specimens of the pancreas and extrahepatic bile ducts and is marginally helpful in classifying atypical specimens [22].

Associations of Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic with chemical compounds

• Formaldehyde may induce severe lesions of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts [23].
• Follow up of 12-49 months in the remaining five patients shows sustained biochemical improvement, with repeat cholangiograms indicating doubling of the minimum calibre of the extrahepatic bile duct in four patients and considerable shortening of stricture length in three [24].
• External radiation therapy and transcatheter iridium in the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma [25].
• The biliary excretion of considerable amounts of formaldehyde during the N-demethylation of antipyrine might have toxicological consequences for the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts [26].
• A 5-month-old female infant with jaundice (bilirubin = 11) and dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts was explored [27].

Gene context of Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic

• RESULTS: MGMT-negative staining was detected in 59.0% of gallbladder carcinoma specimens and 60.0% of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma specimens [28].
• METHODS: Immunohistochemical expression of MUC1, sialyl-Le(x), and sialosyl-Tn in 73 extrahepatic bile duct tumors was analyzed using the DF3, FH6, and TKH2 monoclonal antibodies, respectively [29].
• Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 mucins in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas: its relationship with tumor progression and prognosis [30].
• Mucin core protein expression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma is associated with metastases to the liver and poor prognosis [29].
• Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53 expression in carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic

• Oral administration of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) in drinking water to Syrian golden hamsters for 90 days resulted in a high incidence of intra- and extrahepatic bile duct neoplasms [32].
• Western blot analysis of plasma membranes from normal rat extrahepatic bile duct and kidney revealed the presence of polyductin as a single approximately 440 kDa protein [33].
• Intralumenal iridium-192 brachytherapy has been used to treat extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma and may be curative if the macroscopic tumour has been resected surgically [3] [34].
• Patients underwent treatment at Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital. A retrospective study was performed of 57 patients suffering from cancer of extrahepatic bile ducts in 1996-2001 [35].
• A longitudinal study of intra and extrahepatic bile duct injuries was performed in an animal model of secondary sclerosing cholangitis induced by formalin injection into the common bile duct [36].

References