Disease relevance of Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride

• Mycobacterium chelonae, subspecies abscessus, was isolated from the gentian violet stock used by the surgeon and from five of the eight patients [1].
• Mycobacterium chelonae wound infections after plastic surgery employing contaminated gentian violet skin-marking solution [1].
• The enhanced free radical formation may be the basic cause of the selective toxicity of gentian violet to Trypanosoma cruzi [2].
• Transmission of Chagas' disease by transfusion of blood containing Trypanosoma cruzi has often been reported, and gentian violet, a triarylmethane dye, is widely used by blood banks in attempts to eliminate such transmission [2].
• Chromosomal aberrations were investigated in 16 women from each area in 72 hour lymphocyte cultures treated with gentian violet to enhance any chromosomal instability induced by the pollution [3].

High impact information on Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride

• Crystal violet is suggested to induce uncoupling by acting on the membrane, rather than by its electrophoretic transfer into the mitochondria [4].
• Crystal violet as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria [4].
• Novel antimicrobial CVCs investigated in this in vitro study were impregnated with antibiotics (minocycline and rifampin), with Oligon agent (silver, platinum, and carbon black), with approved antiseptics (chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine), or with a novel antiseptic agent, gendine, which contains gentian violet and chlorhexidine [5].
• Crystal violet staining and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation and expression of HER 1/EGFR [6].
• Crystal violet chromoendoscopy with mucosal pit pattern diagnosis is useful for surveillance of short-segment Barrett's esophagus [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride

• Prevention of transfusion-associated Chagas' disease by sterilization of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected blood with gentian violet, ascorbic acid, and light [8].
• At the end of each procedure, gentian violet was used to identify the area at risk of infarction, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride was used to delineate the area of infarct [9].
• Stainings with gentian violet and tetratriphenyl ammonium chloride demonstrated 20% +/- 3% of the left ventricular mass at risk for ischemia, of which 75% +/- 10% underwent infarction [10].
• The results of both neutral red (NR) and gentian violet (GV) assays showed that all three melanoma cell lines, particularly the G361 line, were less susceptible to the toxic effects of HD than the SVK-14 keratinocyte cell line [11].
• Efficacy of gentian violet in the eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from skin lesions [12].

Biological context of Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride

• The presence of S-9 in the in vitro cytogenetic assay and in the bacterial assays showed that the activity of gentian violet could be reduced or eliminated [13].
• Crystal violet staining was subsequently used to assess cell viability [14].
• Biotransformation of gentian violet to leucogentian violet by human, rat, and chicken intestinal microflora [15].
• The cytogenetic toxicity of gentian violet in Chinese hamster CHO cells in vitro has been studied by analyzing (1) squash preparations from direct fixation for recording mitotic anomalies and (2) air-dried preparations (with colcemid--hypotonic pretreatments) for recording metaphase chromosome aberrations [16].
• In the in vivo assays, gentian violet was not clastogenic and failed to induce sister-chromatid exchanges [13].

Anatomical context of Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride

• Gentian violet is actively demethylated by liver microsomes from different animals and is reduced to leucogentian violet by intestinal microflora [17].
• METHODS: In this masked, experimental study (first stage), 0.05 mL of gentian violet 0.01% or 0.001% solution or balanced salt solution (BSS) (control group) was injected into the anterior chamber of 30 eyes of 30 Wistar albino rats [18].
• Cellular suspensions of microflora isolated from human feces and from intestinal contents of rat and chicken transformed the triphenylmethane dye gentian violet under anaerobic conditions [15].
• Using gentian violet marks as a guide, a needle and two pairs of scissors are used in series to separate superior bulbar conjunctiva from the superficial layers of Tenon's capsule along a series of semimeridians [19].
• However, gentian violet proved to be highly toxic to growing chick embryos at high dosage and depressed mitotic activities in mouse bone marrow after prolonged treatment [13].

Associations of Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride with other chemical compounds

• The commercial and laboratory dyes Methyl Violet 2B C.I. 42535 and Crystal Violet C.I. 42555 were mutagenic in base-pair substitution mutation detector strain TA1535 in the absence of metabolic activation [20].
• The interaction was greatest between the surface or porosity of the carbonaceous materials and methylene blue and gentian violet [21].
• Cell viability was assessed using several different biochemical parameters including growth (DNA by binding of gentian violet stain), mitochondrial function (succinate dehydrogenase activity) using MTT and lysosomal integrity (neutral red retention assay) [22].
• 7-Methoxydiderroside, 6'-O-acetyldiderroside and the known secoxyloganin and diderroside showed in vitro activity against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, with IC(50) values of 59.0, 90.2, 74,2 and 84.9 microg/mL, respectively and were compared to the standard gentian violet (IC(50) 7.5 microg/ml) [23].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the ototoxic effects of five commonly used topical antimycotic agents-clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin, tolnaftate, and gentian violet-in the guinea pig [24].

Gene context of Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride

• Crystal violet staining and Matrigel invasion revealed a higher invasion index following IL-1beta challenge and a low invasion index following TGF-beta1 challenge [25].
• The efficacy of gentian violet (Gv) in eradicating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in decubitus ulcers was investigated [12].
• Crystal violet released respiratory control, and enhanced ATPase activity of digitonin-permeabilized epimastigotes [26].
• Crystal violet staining showed metachromasia and indicated that the deposits were amyloid [27].
• They gave increased uptake of gentian violet but no increase in leakage of a periplasmic protein, RNase I [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride

• Among patients exposed to the gentian violet, infection was significantly more likely to develop in those undergoing a face lift or augmentation mammoplasty than in those undergoing blepharoplasty (P less than 0.001) [1].
• Crystal violet clearly stained both dysplastic and nondysplastic Barrett's epithelia and made the surface pit pattern easy to observe without using magnifying endoscopy [7].
• Gentian violet has been used in medicine for almost 100 years: as an antiseptic for external use, as an antihelminthic agent by oral administration, and more recently, as a blood additive to prevent transmission of Chagas' disease [17].
• In areas of high endemicity or where serological screening is not available, the risk of T cruzi transmission by blood transfusion may be reduced by the addition of gentian violet to the collected blood [29].
• Current strategies to prevent transfusion-associated Chagas' disease include the identification of T cruzi-infected blood donors by predonation questionnaire, serological tests for T cruzi antibodies, and the treatment of the blood collected with gentian violet [29].

References