Disease relevance of Parathion methyl

• Based on the conservation of paratox and other genes flanking the toxins, we propose a recombination-based model for toxin dissemination among prophages [1].
• We named this ORF paratox, determined its allelic distribution among different phages, and found linkage disequilibrium between particular paratox alleles and specific toxin genes, suggesting that they may move as a single cassette [1].
• Trichlorfon, tested in combination with malathion, methylparathion or methylazinphos (guthion), produced clearly synergistic effects for both toxicity and mutagenicity [2].
• 3. Methyl-parathion did not induce chromosomal aberrations but it did induce SCEs significantly over all time periods [3].
• Opsoclonus transiently occurred in the acute stage of combined parathion and methyl-parathion poisoning [4].

Psychiatry related information on Parathion methyl

• From these facts, we assumed that the deterioration of sleep at the 20- and 30-m nitrox saturation dives was predominantly relative to being restricted in a closed environment for a long time and the lack of physical activity of the divers [5].
• Measures of reaction time, response accuracy, anxiety, hostility, and depression were obtained from three U.S. Navy divers (Ss) during a nitrox saturation dive at 7 ATA (bottom time 7 days) [6].

High impact information on Parathion methyl

• We provide evidence that Metron factor 1 prevents apoptosis and stimulates cell proliferation at nanomolar concentrations, but is devoid of any pro-invasive activity [7].
• CDC used a new biological monitoring method to measure urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP), the metabolite of MP [8].
• The mutation was mapped to a Drosophila homolog of human AF10/AF17 leukemia fusion genes (alf), and therefore named Dalf [9].
• In addition to the embryonic phenotype, Dalf mutant larvae are retarded in their growth and this defect can be rescued by the ectopic expression of a Dalf transgene under the control of a neuronal GAL4 driver [9].
• Like its human counterparts, Dalf encodes a zinc finger/leucine zipper nuclear protein that is widely expressed in embryonic and larval tissues including neurons and glia [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Parathion methyl

• These data indicate that DEM potentiates the toxicity of methyl parathion, methyl paraoxon or fenitrothion by a mechanism unrelated to hepatic glutathione content [10].
• There were some differences among the three age classes of A. salina in the relative order of toxicity of OPI tested.The rank order of toxicity to A. salina 48-h old was methylparathion < parathion < methyl-chlorpyrifos < chlorpyrifos, while to A. salina 24- and 72-h old it was methylparathion = parathion < methyl-chlorpyrifos < chlorpyrifos [11].
• There were no significant reductions in spontaneously occurring premature ventricular beats while breathing heliox, compared to breathing air of nitrox [12].
• Growth, chlorophyll a content, nitrogen-fixing ability, and certain metabolic activities of Nostoc muscorum: effect of methylparathion and benthiocarb [13].
• The comparative effect of two organophosphorus pesticides (chlorophos and metaphos) on Escherichia coli, an enterococcus and Shigella organisms present in chernozem, podzolic, and loamy soils was investigated [14].

Biological context of Parathion methyl

• This indicates a requirement for Dalf function in the nervous system for maintaining gene expression and the facilitation of normal growth [9].
• When dissolved in water, 1 serves as a precatalyst for the hydrolysis of methylparathion [15].
• Cytogenetic study of workers exposed to methyl-parathion [16].
• Although methyl-parathion increased chromosome aberrations in cases of intoxication, a chronic exposure to small doses in the work place did not seem to produce the same effect [16].
• The results of studies on the effect of methyl-parathion on SCE and cell cycle delay in 2 human cell lines showed that both lines had significant and dose-dependent increase of SCE frequencies similar to those observed in V79 cells [17].

Anatomical context of Parathion methyl

• When compared with non-exposed controls, a group of pesticide plant workers chronically exposed to methyl-parathion did not show an increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in lymphocyte cultures [16].
• Genetic damage caused by methyl-parathion in mouse spermatozoa is related to oxidative stress [18].
• The central and peripheral nervous system effects of acute and subchronic exposure to three organic phosphoro-acid esters (dimethoate, dichlorvos, parathion-methyl) were studied [19].
• It was found that the ultrastructure of the cells was markedly altered by methylparathion, as evidenced by dilation of mitochondria, breakdown of rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear necrosis, and production of numerous lysosomes and lipid vacuoles [20].
• Methylparathion at 1 or 3 mg/kg/d significantly increased splenic natural killer cell activity [21].

Associations of Parathion methyl with other chemical compounds

• The reactions of five organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) (chlorpyrifos-methyl, parathion-methyl, fenchlorphos, chlorpyrifos, and parathion) with hydrogensulfide/ bisulfide (H2S/HS-) and polysulfides (S(n)2-) were examined in well-defined aqueous solutions over a pH range from 5 to 9 [22].
• For pesticides, first experiments showed that paraoxon-methyl inhibits C. vulgaris AChE contrary to parathion-methyl and carbofuran [23].
• We have successfully detected algae in every sample that we examined and readily monitored changes in the characteristic fluorescence induction curves when the samples were exposed to potassium cyanide (KCN), methyl parathion (MPt), N'(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea (DCMU), and paraquat [24].
• The pigs were anesthetized with ketamine and alpha-chloralose and compressed in a hyperbaric chamber to 500 kPa (40 m of seawater) in 2 min, and they had 3-h bottom time while breathing nitrox (35 kPa O(2)) [25].
• A mechanistic approach using a laminar air-boundary layer concept to predict volatilization from plant surfaces was compared to data obtained in a wind-tunnel study after simultaneous application of parathion-methyl, fenpropimorph, and quinoxyfen to winter wheat [26].

Gene context of Parathion methyl

• No studies have yet determined the relative activities of human GSTM1, T1 or PI towards methylparathion or other pesticides, and thus the potential significance of the common polymorphisms of these genes on pesticide susceptibility is unknown [27].
• Methyl-parathion and organophosphorous pesticide metabolites modify the activation status and interleukin-2 secretion of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells [28].
• In Dalf mutant embryos, the RP2 motoneuron no longer maintains EVE expression [9].
• Effect of chronic consumption of methylparathion on rat brain regional acetylcholinesterase activity and on levels of biogenic amines [29].
• The first study, carried out in the Ivory Coast, involved the application of an endrin/DDT/methylparathion (MEP) formulation in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Parathion methyl

• Plasma perfusion through charcoal in methylparathion poisoning [31].
• In an in vivo murine model of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, intravenous injection of recombinant Metron factor 1 prevented renal damage and preserved tubular integrity [7].
• High-frequency jet ventilation with helium and oxygen (heliox) versus nitrogen and oxygen (nitrox) [32].
• Signals at m/z 75 with intensities comparable with those observed for the 99.9% pure nitrogen were also obtained for all the arsenosugars when the HPLC/ESI-MS system was operated with a Domnick Hunter Nitrox UHPLCMS18 nitrogen generator [33].
• A fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) based on a monoclonal antibody for the detection of parathion-methyl (PM) was developed and optimized [34].

References