Disease relevance of LOC395552

• Induced overexpression of AID in CH12F3-2 B lymphoma cells augmented class switching from IgM to IgA without cytokine stimulation [1].
• The activity of ICE can be specifically inhibited by the product of crmA, a cytokine response modifier gene encoded by cowpox virus [2].
• C/EBP beta is a transcription factor that becomes activated after phosphorylation to induce genes involved in inflammation, acute-phase response, cytokine expression, cell growth, and differentiation [3].
• It has been postulated that TNF has a pivotal role in a cytokine cascade that results in joint inflammation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [4].
• Significantly, ligation of alpha v beta 5 and cytokine receptors were both required for spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of multiple tumor types even though it was not necessary for primary tumor growth [5].

Psychiatry related information on LOC395552

• Because glial inflammation is a component of Alzheimer disease (AD) and TNFalpha is overexpressed in AD brains, we investigated possible alterations of the cytokine-dependent pathway in PDAPP mice, a transgenic model of AD [6].

High impact information on LOC395552

• Induction of angiogenesis by a tumor or cytokine promotes vascular cell entry into the cell cycle and expression of integrin alpha v beta 3 [7].
• This study demonstrates that one of the viral genes necessary for this inhibition, the crmA gene (a cytokine response modifier gene), encodes a serpin that is a specific inhibitor of the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme [8].
• Bcl-2 was able to rescue differentiating cells expressing dnStat5 from apoptosis, suggesting that during cytokine-dependent differentiation the main function of the protein is to ensure cell survival [9].
• Taken together, our findings suggest that Stat5 may promote cytokine-dependent survival and proliferation of differentiating myeloid progenitor cells in stress or pathological situations, such as inflammation [9].
• To determine the role of the pleiotropic cytokine TGF-beta in B cells, we generated mice lacking the TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR) type II selectively in this cell type through conditional mutagenesis (Cre/loxP) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of LOC395552

• We studied the effects of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on in vivo cytokine mRNA levels in chickens, and investigated whether these levels could be altered by different nutrients [11].
• Treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes and retinal and ciliary ganglion neurons with retinoic acid resulted in increased expression of receptors for the neuropoietic cytokine, CNTF [12].

Biological context of LOC395552

• However, cell motility required cytokine stimulation, which caused redistribution of alpha-actinin to membrane-adhesive sites containing alpha v beta 5 [5].
• In culture, the vascular cytokine endothelin converts embryonic myocytes to Purkinje cells, implying that selection of conduction phenotype may be mediated by an instructive cue from arteries [13].
• However, we found that the SH2 domain is structurally important for cytokine receptor binding and surface expression of the OSMR [14].
• In this study we demonstrated that a conserved YxKxHxxxRP motif (aa 345-354) adjacent to the C-terminal zinc finger domain of GATA3 plays a critical in its DNA binding and functions, including transcriptional activity, the ability to induce chromatin remodeling of the Th2 cytokine gene loci, and Th2 cell differentiation [15].
• Consideration of the phenotypes of these mice suggests that the factor responsible for lens cell proliferation in vivo may be a growth factor or cytokine that has not yet been described [16].

Anatomical context of LOC395552

• NFAT and SRF are important in the regulation of proliferation and cytokine production in lymphocytes [17].
• This cytokine also inhibits embryonic angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay [18].
• The cytolytic activity of natural killer cells and various cytokine responses are altered [19].
• To date, only the vascular cytokine endothelin (ET) has been demonstrated to induce embryonic cardiomyocytes to differentiate into Purkinje fibers [20].
• Our results demonstrate that there are several ML peptides that bind well to MHC but are totally nonimmunogenic when tested for proliferative T cell response and cytokine secretion: a subset of these peptides presumably represent the originally dominant self-determinants of ML, which have rendered the T cells tolerant during thymic selection [21].

Associations of LOC395552 with chemical compounds

• These findings provide evidence that integrin ligation, in conjunction with cytokine activation, plays an important role in the dissemination of malignant tumor cells [5].
• Cytokine-stimulated short-circuit current changes were inhibited by preincubation with piroxicam (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase, suggesting prostaglandin formation as an intermediate step for cytokine stimulation of short-circuit current [22].
• The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) induces Ca2+-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes via the downstream action of prostaglandin (PG) E2 [6].
• The gene encoding this protein is selectively induced in the rat corpus luteum by the luteotropic hormone and cytokine, PRL [23].
• Unlike the anti-inflammatory nature of mammalian alpha/beta IFNs, TkIFN augmented the LPS-induced expression of interleukin-8, a proinflammatory cytokine [24].

Regulatory relationships of LOC395552

• Toll-like receptor agonists stimulate differential functional activation and cytokine and chemokine gene expression in heterophils isolated from chickens with differential innate responses [25].
• DNA degradation significantly increased between 0 and 72 h of culture in the absence of the cytokine but was suppressed by the addition of TGF alpha but not of TNF alpha [26].
• IFN-gamma priming of chicken heterophils upregulates the expression of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokine mRNA following receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis [27].
• The expression of cytokine mRNA was expressed relative to the level of beta-actin mRNA [28].

Other interactions of LOC395552

• The bacterial TLR agonists (PAM, PGN, LPS, and FGN) all induced an up-regulation of expression of mRNA of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8; whereas both poly(I:C) and LOX induced a down-regulation of these cytokine mRNAs [29].
• In contrast, IFN-alpha, TGF-beta4, and K60 transcripts showed no increased expression, and only the level of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 was increased following secondary E. maxima infection [30].
• Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a neuropoietic cytokine that was identified, purified, and cloned based on its neurotrophic activity on cultured chick ciliary ganglion neurons [31].
• The sequence of the chicken interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) gene was determined, one of the first non-mammalian cytokine gene structures to be elucidated [32].
• These results show that this cytokine is chicken IL8 and not GROalpha [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of LOC395552

• To gain further insights into the cytokine network of birds, we used polymerase chain reaction technology to clone a cDNA that codes for a chicken homolog of the interferon-induced guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) [34].
• The production of cytokine mRNAs, in addition to viral DNA, was quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) (cytokines) or PCR (virus) in splenocytes during the course of Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection in four inbred chicken lines: two resistant (lines 6(1) and N) and two susceptible (lines 7(2) and P) [35].
• Cooperation between CD4(+) T cells can enhance the response and modulate the cytokine profile, and defining these parameters has become a major issue for multivalent-vaccine strategies.We explored cooperation using adoptive transfer of two populations of TCR transgenic T cells of different specificity [36].
• Inhibition of angiogenesis and breast cancer xenograft tumor growth by VEGI, a novel cytokine of the TNF superfamily [37].
• Since TNF-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with apoptotic potency, and elevated levels are found in the gingival sulcus during orthodontic tooth movement, we investigated if mechanical loading by pulsating fluid flow affects TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in chicken osteocytes, osteoblasts, and periosteal fibroblasts [38].

References