Disease relevance of Septum of Brain

• 2. When the intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) infusion of PGE1 was preceded by a bilateral injection of saline or vasopressin V2 antagonist d(CH2)5D-ValVAVP into the ventral septal area (VSA), electrical stimulation of the BST suppressed the PGE1 hyperthermia [1].
• Differential and sex-specific effects of kainic acid and domoic acid lesions in the lateral septal area of rats on immune function and body weight regulation [2].
• On the role of the septal area in the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat [3].
• A lesion in the dorsoposterior part of the rat brain septum is known to exert an inhibitory effect on the delayed skin hypersensitivity and incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine into the lymphoid organs [4].
• A preoperative thallium-201 myocardial perfusion showed a myocardial ischemia pattern in the anterolateral septal area after a dipyridamole stress test; the ischemia was completely resolved after surgery [5].

Psychiatry related information on Septum of Brain

• Previous reports indicate that muscimol, a specific GABAergic agonist induces learning and memory deficits when infused into the medial septal area [6].
• Muscimol infused into the medial septal area impairs long-term memory but not short-term memory in inhibitory avoidance, water maze place learning and rewarded alternation tasks [7].
• There is considerable evidence linking alcohol consumption and sedation and TRH in the brain septum [8].
• Subcutaneous treatment with Org 2766 and [D-Phe7]-ACTH 4-10 decreased electrical self-stimulation behavior elicited from the medial septal area [9].
• A previous study of ours reported excessive alcohol intake, enhanced defensive aggressiveness (hyperreactivity towards the experimenter), impulsive behavior, and reduced cortical serotonin levels in rats following extensive basal forebrain axon-sparing lesions involving the septal area and the ventral striatum [10].

High impact information on Septum of Brain

• Two weeks later, the IL-3-treated animals showed significant numbers of acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons remaining in the septal region [11].
• This finding was substantiated by a concomitant decrease of immunopositive staining for ChAT in the septal area [12].
• Other prominent sites of CRF receptor mRNA expression include subcortical limbic structures in the septal region and amygdala [13].
• In the septal region some bipolar neurons send both of their processes towards the ventricular surface [14].
• Intraseptal CR neurons, which establish symmetric synapses, innervate only lateral septal area neurons, including the CB-containing cells [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Septum of Brain

• Infusion of 15 micrograms/microliters (approximately 120 micrograms/kg/h) of indomethacin within the ventral septal area of the rat brain significantly reduced a centrally induced prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) hyperthermia when compared with infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid [16].
• There is considerable evidence linking alcohol consumption, sedation, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain septum [17].
• Eating, drinking, irritability, muricide, and copulation were measured in 45 male rats before and after one of three coronal knife cuts in the septal region or a control operation; in addition, activity was measured postoperatively [18].

Biological context of Septum of Brain

• 1. Arg8-vasopressin (AVP)-containing neurones of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), which terminate in the ventral septal area (VSA) of the rat brain, provide a pathway which controls body temperature during fever [19].
• Subcellular localization and characterization of vasopressin binding sites in the ventral septal area, lateral septum, and hippocampus of the rat brain [20].
• Injections of acetylcholine (ACh) into the lateral septal area (LSA) caused blood pressure increases in unanesthetized freely moving rats [21].
• In a previous study, we found that chronic prenatal exposure to ethanol, in this manner, resulted in a significant decline in the ontogenetic upregulation of ChAT activity in the septal area during the second postnatal week, but was followed by recovery to control levels by adulthood [22].
• Previous studies have demonstrated that in the lateral septal area vasopressin modulates the action of the excitatory amino acid-containing hypocamposeptal fibers, and also plays a role in the maintenance of long term potentiation evoked by fimbria-fornix stimulation [23].

Anatomical context of Septum of Brain

• The anti-NGF antibody administration produced a decrease of ChAT activity in the hippocampus, septal area, cortex, and striatum of rat pups [12].
• Modulation of forebrain electroencephalographic activity in halothane-anesthetized rat via actions of noradrenergic beta-receptors within the medial septal region [24].
• Arginine vasopressin (AVP) causes severe motor disturbances, including barrel rotations and myotonic/myoclonic convulsions, following repeated injections into either a lateral cerebral ventricle or the ventral septal area (VSA) of the rat brain [25].
• Correlated light and electron microscopic double-immunostaining experiments were used to determine the synaptic connections between CR axon terminals and lateral septal area calbindin (CB)- and medial septal area choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons [15].
• Neural activity in several 5-HT-related brain areas, e.g., dorsal raphé, habenula, septal region, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex, covaried significantly with plasma levels of tryptophan and ratings of depressed mood [26].

Associations of Septum of Brain with chemical compounds

• V1-type vasopressin receptors in rat brain septum: binding characteristics and effects on inositol phospholipid metabolism [27].
• Furthermore, in the same nuclei, they reduced the number of cell bodies positively stained for AChE after pretreatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate (a method known to result in reliable identification of cholinergic neurons in the septal area) [28].
• A population of supramammillary area calretinin neurons terminating on medial septal area cholinergic and lateral septal area calbindin-containing cells are aspartate/glutamatergic [15].
• The site of action for the pressor response to bradykinin administered into the lateral ventricle has been reported to be either in the septal area or in the ventral portion of the third ventricle [29].
• Plasticity in the rat hippocampal formation following ibotenic acid lesion of the septal region: a quantitative [14C]deoxyglucose and acetylcholinesterase study [30].

Gene context of Septum of Brain

• In this mutant, Egt2p was displaced from the septal region to the cell cortex, indicating that GPI7 plays an important role in cell separation via the GPI-based modification of daughter-specific proteins in S. cerevisiae [31].
• In severely affected offspring, complete loss of the septal region resulted in conjoined lateral ventricles and a reduction in the thickness of the ventricular zone surrounding the single ventricle, as well as a severe loss of ChAT neurons which would normally be located in this territory [32].
• In pregnant rats near term, the release of AVP was greater than that of virgin rats in both the ventral (p less than 0.001) and mediolateral (p less than 0.001) septal areas; similarly, release of OXT increased in the ventral septal area (p less than 0.01) at this time [33].
• Both BDNF and NGF treatment completely prevent the lesion induced loss of p75NGFR-positive cells in the septal area of animals with fimbrial transections [34].
• Expression of neurotrophins and the low-affinity NGF receptor in septal and hippocampal reaggregate cultures: local physiologic effects of NGF synthesized in the septal region [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Septum of Brain

• Examination of GBS cells by immunogold electron microscopy revealed that the Sip-specific antibodies attached preferentially to polar sites and the septal region [36].
• Microinjection of acetylcholine (ACh) into the lateral septal area (LSA) of unanesthetized rats caused similar vasopressin-related pressor responses [37].
• Immunohistochemistry using anti-PS1 antibody revealed the prominent expression of PS1 in mesenchymal cells at the septal area of the wild-type heart [38].
• Perfusion of the septal area with sucrose solution (260 mM) had no significant effect on the resulting fever (1.13 +/- 0.09 degrees C) when compared to a control fever without the push-pull perfusion (1.06 +/- 0.12 degrees C) [39].
• To this end, BALB/c mice received a dose of 5 ng/50 nl of morphine sulfate, via a stainless steel injection cannula, inserted into either the medial septal area (MS) or the lateral septal nucleus (LS), when they are close to the end of one of the two choice arms of a Y-maze (acquisition period) [40].

References