Disease relevance of Septal Nuclei

• The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein gp120 reduces the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampus but not in the cerebral cortex and medial septal nucleus of rat [1].
• These results suggest that inhibitory effect of dihydrotestosterone on estrogen-induced lordosis does not critically depend on the mesolimbic dopaminergic innervation of the forebrain or on the septal nuclei [2].

Psychiatry related information on Septal Nuclei

• Extracellular unit recordings were obtained from the septal nuclei of rats exposed to different acute treatments: clomipramine, isocarboxazid, trazodone, sleep deprivation, and electroshock [3].

High impact information on Septal Nuclei

• It is now demonstrated that unilateral lesions in the lateral septal nucleus enhance the adrenalectomy-induced expression of AVP mRNA [4].
• In this experiment, vaginocervical stimulation produced statistically significant increases in the metabolic uptake of carbon-14-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the following brain areas (ordered by magnitude of uptake): medial preoptic, mesencephalic reticular formation, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsal raphe, and globus pallidus [5].
• In rats 3-4 weeks old, we observe D-aspartate in septal nuclei and in a subset of stellate and basket cells of the cerebellum [6].
• The highest density of immunoreactivity was seen in the olfactory bulb, septohippocampal nucleus, indusium griseum, islands of Calleja, intermediate part of the lateral septal nucleus, and Ammon's horn [7].
• Gi3-alpha-peptide staining was observed in perikarya in the hippocampus and in fibers in the nucleus accumbens, tuberculum olfactorium, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and a spino-thalamic tract, where it coexisted with CCK-like immunoreactivity as well [8].

Biological context of Septal Nuclei

• In contrast, dexamethasone failed to induce apoptosis in the lateral septal nucleus at doses up to 20mg/kg [9].
• Whereas CNTFR alpha expression was undetectable in the medial septal nucleus/diagonal band complex (MSDB) of control animals, specific up-regulation was observed in MSDB neurons after fimbria-fornix transection [10].
• In this report we demonstrate that bed nucleus of stria terminalis has a high and localized expression of tissue plasminogen activator, a serine protease with neuromodulatory properties and implicated in neuronal plasticity [11].
• Saturable [125I]GIP binding sites were expressed in several brain regions including cerebral cortex, anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, subiculum, inferior colliculus, and inferior olive [12].
• NE levels sharply increased between estrus and metestrus in the lateral septal nucleus but did not vary significantly at other times [13].

Anatomical context of Septal Nuclei

• In contrast to the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle, neither gammabutyrolactone (GBL) nor axotomy increased biochemically estimated DA synthesis (DOPA accumulation) in any of the amygdaloid nuclei, the anterior amygdaloid area, septal nuclei, or subdivisions of the interstitial (bed) nucleus of the stria terminalis [14].
• The local cerebral glucose utilization was measured in the hippocampal formation 3, 21, and 90 days after bilateral lesions of the medial septal nucleus and the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca by multiple ibotenic acid injections [15].
• The anatomic locations of beta-galactosidase-positive neurons in the brains of ICP0 and ICP27 reporter transgenic mice were similar and included cerebral cortex, lateral septal nucleus, cingulum, hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, and vestibular nucleus [16].
• In the present study, we have investigated by brain microdialysis in freely moving rats the effect of typical and atypical neuroleptics on dopamine transmission in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, a dopamine terminal area belonging to the limbic system and recently assigned the so-called extended amygdala [17].
• E2, implanted into the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and the anterior hypothalamic area in E2-primed ovariectomized rats, induced a significant increase and decrease in serum FSH, respectively, whereas P implanted into the same areas failed to induce it [18].

Associations of Septal Nuclei with chemical compounds

• The rhNGF completely prevented alterations in the number and size of NGF receptor- and choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons in the medial septal nucleus and reversed atrophy in a subpopulation of large, basophilic medial septal nucleus neurons, as identified by Nissl stains [19].
• Procaine hydrochloride (1.5 microliters, 20% solution), a local anesthetic, was then infused into the medial septal nucleus (MS) [20].
• Autoradiograms were prepared, and the incidence of androgen-labeled cells was determined for MAN, HVc, and a control region, the lateral septal nucleus (SL) [21].
• Increase of dialysate dopamine in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis by clozapine and related neuroleptics [17].
• Early age-dependent changes in noradrenaline efflux in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis: voltammetric data in rat brain slices [22].

Gene context of Septal Nuclei

• Neurotrophin content in the two segments of the basal forebrain was affected; NGF and NT-3 content in the basal forebrain was reduced and NGF and BDNF content in the septal nuclei was increased by ethanol exposure [23].
• In contrast, the TH-positive fibres forming basket-like arrangements around some neurons in the dorsal lateral septal nucleus co-expressed also CR, but not CALB [24].
• Activated MR in the medial septal nucleus may therefore take part in the regulation of septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathways and thus of limbic circuits [25].
• Density estimates of SST28- and NPY-immunoreactive neurons and percentage of double-labeled SST-NPY neurons were obtained in the cortex (areas 9 and 25) and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST), in 6 SDAT and 5 control cases [26].
• The mice on high-fat diets had higher levels of AgRP mRNA expression in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST), and ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus (LSV) than the LF mice [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Septal Nuclei

• In rats in which the septohippocampal system was exposed by aspirating the overlying brain tissue, direct application of atropine (10 mg/ml) to the septal nuclei reversibly eliminated the hippocampal theta rhythm [28].
• OBJECTIVE: We previously reported increases in NET density in portions of the monkey bed nucleus of stria terminalis after 100 days of cocaine self-administration [29].
• Differential plasma corticosterone responses to electrical stimulation of the medial and lateral septal nuclei [30].
• The contribution of septal afferents to spontaneous hippocampal single unit activity was examined by reversibly inactivating the medial septal nucleus using microinjections of the local anesthetic lidocaine [31].
• The time-dependent action of corticosterone (10 mg/kg, s.c.) was analyzed in the same animal model revealing no changes in MR mRNA levels in the medial and lateral septal nuclei [25].

References