Disease relevance of Epithelioid Cells

• Within the granulomas of lung sections from two patients with untreated tuberculosis, TGF-beta immunoreactivity was identified in the Langhan's giant cells mainly and to a lesser extent the epithelioid cells using anti-LC Ab and the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique [1].
• Our findings imply that an EBV infection of MCB cells associated with predominant EBNA-2 expression represents an early sign of primary infection and that it should be included in the differential diagnosis of activated lymph nodes with prominent MCB-cell reaction in the absence of epithelioid cells [2].
• In cases of renal artery stenosis (ischemic kidney) and of Bartter's syndrome, renin-positive epithelioid cells were larger, showed increased staining intensity, and were often found along the afferent arteriole at some distance from the glomerulus [3].
• The term gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is defined diagnostically as the main group of mesenchymal tumors with spindle or epithelioid cells arising from the wall of the gastrointestinal tract with immunohistochemical reactivity for CD117 antibody [4].
• Kaposi's sarcomas (KSs) are similar to GISTs: they are most often found in the gastrointestinal tract (although cutaneous lesions do occur), they are also composed of spindle or epithelioid cells (although erythrocytes are also seen), and the tumour cells are nearly all positive for CD34 [5].

High impact information on Epithelioid Cells

• ICAM-1 purified from the HeLa epithelioid cell line and reconstituted into planar membranes also supported efficient adhesion of T lymphoblasts that was blocked by LFA-1 mAb bound to the T lymphoblasts or ICAM-1 mAb bound to the planar membranes [6].
• Moreover, we show here for the first time that the expression of exogenous Fra-1 in epithelioid cells results in morphological changes that resemble fibroblastoid conversion [7].
• No expression from the IFN-alpha-CAT hybrid gene was detected in 293 cells, indicating that human epithelioid cells lack a factor required for expression of the IFN-alpha promoter [8].
• These included a major population of acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase-positive macrophage-like cells and a minor population of factor VII antigen negative epithelioid cells [9].
• Biopsy revealed biphasic neoplasm displaying nests of poorly differentiated neuroblastic cells positive for synaptophysin and pigmented cuboidal epithelioid cell positive for keratins, epithelial membrane antigen and MHB-45 [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Epithelioid Cells

• In animals injected with bacilli in excess antibody, epithelioid cell granulomas formed and viable bacilli were apparently eliminated before skin reactions to PPD developed [11].
• Ultrastructural observations on epithelioid cell granulomas induced by zirconium in the guinea-pig [12].
• Respective patterns were characterized for hydroxyurea (HU)-promoted loss of EBV genomes from EBV-infected epithelioid cell lines derived from the noncancerous portion of gastric carcinoma tissues and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines [13].
• In the op/op mice, Kupffer cells proliferated, transformed into epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells, and participated in glucan-induced granuloma formation [14].
• Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase-1 (ANAE-1) secreted by epithelioid cells from induced rabbit lung granuloma showed MIF activity [15].

Biological context of Epithelioid Cells

• Immunochemistry, performed with an anti-human IP-10 polyclonal Ab in lymph nodes displaying prominent sarcoid granulomas, showed that cells bearing IP-10 were mainly epithelioid cells and CD68+ macrophages located inside granulomatous areas [16].
• LAM cells reactive for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker of cellular proliferation, were spindle-shaped, in contrast to the large, epithelioid cells reacting with HMB45 antibody [17].
• The polygonal, epithelioid cells exhibited the following phenotype: smooth muscle actin (SMA)+, muscle specific actin (MSA)+, vimentin+, CD31-, CD34-, CD21-, CD8-, CD68- (2/3 cases), S100-, while the lining cells were CD34+, vimentin+ and SMA-, with variable CD31 and factor VIII related antigen expression [18].
• Tachyphylaxis of juxtaglomerular epithelioid cells to angiotensin II. Differences between the electrical membrane response and renin secretion [19].
• It is well established that renin release from the juxtaglomerular epithelioid cells in the media of the afferent arteriole strongly depends on the mean renal perfusion pressure, whereas a possible influence of the pulsation of blood pressure on renin release has only occasionally been investigated, and the results are contradictory [20].

Anatomical context of Epithelioid Cells

• A basic protein having chemotactic activity for neutrophils is secreted by the rat kidney epithelioid cell line NRK-52E in response to interleukin-1 beta (Watanabe, K., Kinoshita, S., and Nakagawa, H. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161, 1093-1099) [21].
• It is suggested that the EA pattern indicates immunoglobulin receptors on macrophage and lymphocyte surfaces: and that the EAC binding (which is stronger than EA) involves C3 and IgM receptors at extracellular sites as well as C3 receptor sites on epithelioid cell surfaces [22].
• These findings indicate that the formation of oversulphated chondroitin sulphate is coupled to the conversion of monocytes into epithelioid cells [23].
• In two-thirds of the experiments using sodium zirconium lactate, delayed hypersensitivity-like reactions at 24 hr developed into nodular lesions which reached peak intensity at 8 days and histologically contained histiocytes with an epithelioid cell appearance and giant cells [24].
• We demonstrate that MRP-14 but not MRP-8 was detected by immunostaining in the cytoplasm of epithelioid cells on the surface of round coverslips implanted for 14 days into the subcutaneous tissue of mice [25].

Associations of Epithelioid Cells with chemical compounds

• Human lung epithelioid cells were treated with Benzo (a) pyrene diol epoxide (anti) in order to establish the binding and removal of covalent adducts in chromosomal components [26].
• A high proportion of all epithelioid cell types was found to have Fc surface receptors but C3 receptors were reduced on vesicular cells compared with the plasmacytoid variety [27].
• Defective phagocytic ability of epithelioid cells reversed by levamisole [28].
• 5. These results suggest that epithelioid cells containing 5-HT act as chemoreceptor cells in the chicken aortic body, having voltage-dependent Na+, K+, and L- and N-type Ca2+ channels, and oxygen-sensitive K+ channels [29].
• The cyclic AMP-dependent initiation of DNA synthesis by T51B rat liver epithelioid cells [30].

Gene context of Epithelioid Cells

• One-third of large congenital nevi expressed CD40 in small clusters of heavily pigmented, epithelioid cells, corresponding to so-called proliferative nodules [31].
• Tumours containing epithelioid cells showed a significantly higher expression of HLA-B than tumours of the spindle cell type [32].
• In addition, cyclin D1 positivity was associated with the presence of extraocular extension of the tumour (p=0.01), with the mixed or epithelioid cell type (p=0. 02), and with the tumour cell MIB-1 positivity (p=0.0001) [33].
• In this small series, no statistically significant associations between the presence of the BRAF mutation and clinicopathological characteristics were detected, although tumors with this mutation tended to have a larger diameter and greater depth of invasion and to contain epithelioid cells [34].
• Immunohistochemically, the epithelioid cells showed strong positive reaction for Factor VIII in all three patients, for CD31 in two, and for CD34 in one [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Epithelioid Cells

• These results indicate that immunohistochemical detection of desmin and muscle-specific actin may be useful in the differential diagnosis of spindle or epithelioid cell proliferations in childhood when ultrastructural analysis in unavailable [36].
• In the epithelioid cells, the reaction product of the NADPH-diaphorase could also be demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy [37].
• 18F-FDG uptake was assessed in all subjects and the following parameters were assessed in 11 enucleated subjects: the mitotic index, the MIB-1 proliferating cell index, number of epithelioid cells, largest tumour diameter, tumoral necrosis and inflammatory infiltration [38].
• Fine-needle aspiration of hepatocellular carcinoma: False-negative result due to epithelioid cells [39].
• Three granulomas in the portal tract and 9 bile ducts with typical features of chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis (CNSDC) associated with dispersed epithelioid cells were examined by electron microscopy in 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) [40].

References