Disease relevance of Peyer's Patches

• Salmonella exploits caspase-1 to colonize Peyer's patches in a murine typhoid model [1].
• Mice lacking Peyer's patches and lymph nodes because of lymphotoxin-alpha deficiency or in utero fusion protein treatment developed more severe colitis than control mice as indicated by more severe intestinal shrinking, longer colonic ulcers, and higher histological disease scores [2].
• Replication of infection, as demonstrated by the accumulation of disease-associated forms of PrP in Peyer's patches, was detected at 30 days and sheep developed clinical signs of scrapie at 18-22 months post-challenge [3].
• To examine their potential role in giardiasis, murine mononuclear cells were isolated from collagenase-treated Peyer's patches by their adherence to glass [4].
• This suggests that productive poliovirus infection of the gut is dependent on the expression of CD155 within the FAE, including the M cells, and on cells within Peyer's patches, most likely within germinal centers [5].

High impact information on Peyer's Patches

• Blr1 mutant mice lack inguinal lymph nodes and possess no or only a few phenotypically abnormal Peyer's patches [6].
• The L-selectin, a cell surface C-type lectin, directs lymphocyte traffic to lymph nodes, and contributes to lymphocyte homing to Peyer's patches and to leukocyte interactions with inflamed venules [7].
• RORgamma was also required for development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, but not splenic follicles [8].
• In contrast to systemic LTbeta deletion, in B-LTbeta KO mice only splenic microarchitecture was affected, while lymph nodes and Peyer's patches (PP) were normal, except for PP's reduced size [9].
• Different cytokines induce surface lymphotoxin-alphabeta on IL-7 receptor-alpha cells that differentially engender lymph nodes and Peyer's patches [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Peyer's Patches

• Reovirus infection did not increase cellularity of Peyer's patches in CY-treated mice [11].
• When JM8, or the parental Salmonella C5 aroA carrying pBR322 (denoted JM6), were administered orally to mice, both strains were capable of at least transient colonization of the Peyer's patches [12].
• OBJECTIVE: FTY720 is a new immunosuppressant active in transplantation models, which modulates lymphocyte recirculation, leading to transient peripheral lymphopenia and increased lymphocytes in lymph nodes and Peyer's patches [13].
• Salmonella choleraesuis var kunzendorf, however, was located preferentially in colon and on the luminal surface of ileal M cells of Peyer patches and had a tendency to invade the enteric mucosa there [14].
• Nor did injections of histamine, serotonin or both cause hemorrhages in Peyer's patches [15].

Biological context of Peyer's Patches

• In summary, the p55 receptor for TNF selectively mediates organogenesis of Peyer's patches throughout ontogeny, suggesting that the effects of LT-alpha on the development of lymphoid organs may be mediated by distinct receptors, each functioning in an organ-specific context [16].
• Analysis of somatic hypermutation in mouse Peyer's patches using immunoglobulin kappa light-chain transgenes [17].
• The defect of the lpfC mutant in adhesion to Peyer's patches could be complemented by introducing lpfABCDE on a cosmid [18].
• When exposed to ionizing radiation, DR5-null tissues exhibit reduced amounts of apoptosis compared to wild-type thymus, spleen, Peyer's patches, and the white matter of the brain [19].
• We also observed the in vivo immunological effects of beta2m on lymphoid and hematopoietic organs, such as thymus, bone marrow, Peyer's patches, liver, and spleen in normal mice [20].

Anatomical context of Peyer's Patches

• Initiation of nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) development is independent of the programmed cytokine cascade necessary for the formation of Peyer's patches (PP) and peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), a cytokine cascade which consists of IL-7R, LTalpha1beta2/LTbetaR, and NIK [21].
• Here, we demonstrate that in mice lacking the chemokine receptor CCR6, dendritic cells expressing CD11c and CD11b are absent from the subepithelial dome of Peyer's patches [22].
• Salmonella breached the M cell barrier of casp-1(-/)- mice efficiently; however, there was a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells, intracellular bacteria, and the recruitment of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes in the Peyer's patches (PP) as compared with wild-type mice [1].
• Evidence for a mature B cell subpopulation in Peyer's patches of young adult xid mice [23].
• We successfully cloned antigen-specific T cells from murine gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue, i.e., Peyer's patches, which are dependent upon T cell growth factor and independent of antigen for continuous growth [24].

Associations of Peyer's Patches with chemical compounds

• Primary responses to the hapten phenyloxazolone and chronic responses to environmental antigens occurring in Peyer's patches were analyzed in two different mismatch repair-deficient backgrounds [25].
• In normal rabbits, lymphocytes have been identified in large numbers on the luminal epithelial aspects of both Peyer's patches and the appendix by scanning and transmission electron microscopy [26].
• In control tissue, permeability to horseradish peroxidase was 2.6 times higher across segments with Peyer's patches than across segments without Peyer's patches, whereas polyethylene glycol 4000 and mannitol permeabilities were the same in patch and nonpatch segments [27].
• We extend this evidence by demonstrating that Limax agglutinin (LA), a sialic acid-specific lectin, when reacted with HEV exposed in cryostat-cut tissue sections, blocks lymphocyte attachment to PN HEV and, unexpectedly, to the HEV of Peyer's patches (PP) as well [28].
• Lymphocytes express integrin receptors, termed lymphocyte Peyer's patch high endothelial venule (HEV) adhesion molecules (LPAMs), that mediate their organ-specific adhesion to specialized HEVs found in mucosal lymphoid organs (Peyer's patches) [29].

Gene context of Peyer's Patches

• IL-5 mRNA was detected in transgenic thymus, Peyer's patches, and superficial lymph nodes, but not in heart, liver, brain, or skeletal muscle or in any tissues from nontransgenics [30].
• Mice deficient in lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR) or interleukin 7 receptor alpha (IL-7Ralpha) lack Peyer's patches (PPs) [31].
• In this report we describe a novel function for the p55 TNF receptor during ontogeny and demonstrate that mice deficient for p55 completely lack organized Peyer's patches [16].
• Consistent with the essential role of IKKalpha in LTbetaR signaling, we found that development of Peyer's patches was defective in IKKalpha-deficient mice [32].
• We found that GANP was up-regulated in GC B cells of Peyer's patches in normal mice and in spleens from Ag-immunized mice [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Peyer's Patches

• Somatostatin receptors were evaluated in four human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (palatine tonsils, ileal Peyer patches, vermiform appendix, and colonic solitary lymphatic follicles) using receptor autoradiography on tissue sections incubated with 125I[Tyr3]octreotide [34].
• Following oral administration of this recombinant C. perfringens vaccine vector to mice, large amounts of intact p27 protein were detected in the terminal ileum where the majority of Peyer's Patches (PPs) are located [35].
• The interaction of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) and polystyrene microspheres with the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of rabbit Peyer's patches was compared [36].
• Firstly, a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) study was performed to visualize the uptake of fluorescent-labeled chitosan microparticles in the Peyer's patches after intragastrical feeding [37].
• In this study, expressions of CD62L, CD49d and CD11a on T cells in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches were analysed by flow cytometry in rats given FTY720 (1 mg/kg) orally [38].

References