Disease relevance of SPBio_000359

• Oral administration of polymyxin B sulfate for 7 days significantly altered intestinal bacterial flora in rats; Enterobacteriaceae diminished and anaerobes such as Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Eubacterium increased in number, compared with the control rats [1].
• PURPOSE: To study whether oral ciprofloxacin would be as effective in preventing bacterial infections in severely myelosuppressed patients as selective antibiotic modulation of the gut flora with neomycin/polymyxin B sulfate/nalidixic acid (NPN) [2].
• The capability of the sensor for the detection of Escherichia coli was evaluated using polymyxin B sulfate to allow permeabilization of the bacteria membrane [3].
• With polymyxin B sulfate-mediated hemolysis as a probe, we have shown that Salmonella minnesota R595 LPS interacts with RaRBC in two distinguishable steps [4].
• Selective medium for Pseudomonas cepacia containing 9-chloro-9-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-10-phenylacridan and polymyxin B sulfate [5].

High impact information on SPBio_000359

• Selective bowel decontamination of recipients with polymyxin B sulfate would be a candidate for protection against early graft failure following OLT [1].
• The effect of Abeta(25-35) on MCP-1 secretion was neither mimicked by a scrambled analogue nor affected by polymyxin B sulfate, even though the latter almost completely abolished the effect of LPS on MCP-1 expression [6].
• In the presence of polymyxin B sulfate, the enhanced LF binding by LPS was abrogated [7].
• MAF activity was not abolished by polymyxin B sulfate, suggesting that this activity is not mediated by or dependent on LPS [8].
• A patient receiving polymyxin B sulfate intravenously for Gram-negative "anion gap". Both abnormalities resolved following discontinuation of the drug [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of SPBio_000359

• Upon exposure to 6,000 U of polymyxin B sulfate per ml, cells of the polymyxin-sensitive PAO 1 strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed in thin sections long projections arising from the outer membrane of the cell wall and extensive cytoplasmic degradation with accumulation of cytoplasmic membrane infoldings [10].
• Staphylococcus aureus keratitis was treated either with neomycin sulfate or gentamicin sulfate, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis was treated either with gentamicin or polymyxin B sulfate [11].
• The corticosteroid alone (dexamethasone) was more effective in producing inactivation of conjunctivitis than the antibiotic alone ( a mixture of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate) [12].
• The combination of gentamicin (500 ug/ml) tylosin (100 ug/ml) and Linco-Spectin (300/600 ug/ml) was more effective for the control of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas and equally effective for the control of C. fetus subsp. venerealis and Haemophilus somnus than the standard combination of penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin and polymyxin B sulfate [13].
• CONCLUSIONS: Polymyxin B sulfate and colistin have a role in the therapy of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections [14].

Biological context of SPBio_000359

• Treatment with polymyxin B sulfate did not affect IFN-induced macrophage cytotoxicity, thus excluding the possibility that bacterial lipopolysaccharide contaminants were responsible for macrophage activation [15].
• OBJECTIVE: To present a review of the chemistry, antibacterial spectrum, dosing, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and indications for polymyxin B sulfate and colistin [14].
• Effect of methylprednisolone and polymyxin B sulfate on endotoxin-induced inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis [16].
• Combination treatment with collagenase and polymyxin B sulfate/bacitracin resulted in significantly shorter time to achieve a clean wound bed than silver sulfadiazine (median 6 vs 12 days; p = 0.0012) and significantly more rapid wound healing than silver sulfadiazine (median 10 vs 15 days; p = 0.0007) [17].

Anatomical context of SPBio_000359

• Inhibition of the biologic effects of endotoxin on neutrophils by polymyxin B sulfate [18].
• These results suggests that gut-derived substances sensitive to polymyxin B sulfate may contribute to activation of hepatic macrophages after partial hepatectomy in rats [19].
• However, the two substances differed in that polymyxin B sulfate induced less negativity in Pif and a larger but transient increase in capillary albumin extravasation and interstitial fluid volume [20].
• Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination in AIL preparation was negligible since proliferative activity of AIL to B enriched splenic lymphocytes was not influenced in the presence of an endotoxin antagonist, polymyxin B sulfate (PMB) [21].
• Raw semen was treated with 2000 micrograms streptomycin sulfate and 1000 units of polymyxin B sulfate per milliliter [22].

Associations of SPBio_000359 with other chemical compounds

• In order to investigate this phenomenon, two major components of polymyxin B sulfate, namely, the polymyxin B1 and B2 fractions, were isolated and purified by preparative high-pressure liquid chromatography, and the effects of agars on the potencies of these two components were individually examined [23].
• INTERVENTION: The patients were assigned before surgery to receive topical diclofenac 0.1% (study group, 20 patients) or dexamethasone 0.1% (control group, 20 patients) from immediately after surgery to up to 4 weeks after surgery (both combined with chloramphenicol 0.2%, polymyxin B sulfate 2500 U) [24].
• Effects of polymyxin B sulfate and polymyxin B nonapeptide on growth and permeability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [25].
• SETTING: A university teaching hospital in Seattle, Wash. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of rats were studied: chow plus intravenous saline, total parenteral nutrition, or total parenteral nutrition supplemented with polymyxin B sulfate [26].
• Simultaneous determination of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection [27].

Gene context of SPBio_000359

• Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis by polymyxin B sulfate [28].
• OmpU also conferred resistance to polymyxin B sulfate, suggesting that this porin may impart resistance to cationic antibacterial proteins via a common mechanism [29].
• The stimulation of membrane-associated PLA2 in erythrocytes was inhibited by pretreatment of lipopolysaccharide with polymyxin-B sulfate [30].
• In a burn model the effect of a subtherapeutic dose of polymyxin B-sulfate (PB) at BT was examined in Escherichia coli-monoassociated mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-inoculated burn wounds [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SPBio_000359

• Polymyxin B sulfate administration also attenuated the derangements of SGPT and the histological liver injury provoked by endotoxin administration after partial hepatectomy [19].
• The extent of the deposits was significantly reduced when perfusion was performed following oral administration of polymyxin B sulfate, a non-absorbable bacteriocidal agent against gram-negative bacilli which can also bind endotoxin lipopolysaccharides [19].
• The present study was performed to investigate whether the increased negativity of interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) observed after intravenous injection of dextran could be mediated via mast cell degranulation induced by C48/80 and polymyxin B sulfate [20].
• A highly sensitive ELISA for the quantification of polymyxin B sulfate in human serum [32].
• Aqueous polymyxin B sulfate was administered by a single bolus intravenous injection into turkeys at 10,000 IU/kg, and by a single bolus intramuscular injection at 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 IU/kg [33].

References