Disease relevance of calcium

• CONCLUSIONS: Calcium supplementation during pregnancy did not prevent preeclampsia, pregnancy-associated hypertension, or adverse perinatal outcomes in healthy nulliparous women [1].
• RESULTS: Calcium supplementation did not significantly reduce the incidence or severity of preeclampsia or delay its onset [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Calcium supplementation is associated with a significant - though moderate - reduction in the risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas [2].
• Alpha-haemolysin of uropathogenic E. coli induces Ca2+ oscillations in renal epithelial cells [3].
• Re: Calcium intake and risk of colon cancer in women and men [4].

Psychiatry related information on calcium

• The 5-HT(10 microM)-induced intraplatelet Ca mobilization was measured in 98 nonmedicated depressive patients (24 bipolar disorders, 51 melancholic major depressive disorders, and 23 non-melancholic major depressive disorders) [5].
• Endothelin-1 as a putative modulator of erectile dysfunction. II. Calcium mobilization in cultured human corporal smooth muscle cells [6].
• REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Calcium antagonists reduce the proportion of patients with poor outcome and ischemic neurological deficits after aneurysmal SAH; the risk reduction for case fatality alone is not statistically significant [7].
• The myocardial cell cultures from the UT group showed complete loss of beating when the calcium (Ca++) antagonist, V, was added to the cultures for 1 h or more; the T group was able to show some beating at comparable concentrations and durations of exposure with V [8].
• Functional bladder capacity and Urine Calcium/creatinine quota were investigated in 13 patients with primary nocturnal enuresis, 15 former enuretic patients and 15 controls [9].

High impact information on calcium

• 4) Calcium ions in activation are derived from two sources: an internal source, probably the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and an external source, across the muscle membrane [10].
• Here we show that neural activity directs the mRNA of the Drosophila Ca(2+), Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase II (CaMKII), to postsynaptic sites, where it is rapidly translated [11].
• CONCLUSIONS: Calcium supplementation does not prevent bone loss during lactation and only slightly enhances the gain in bone density after weaning [12].
• LDL-receptor structure. Calcium cages, acid baths and recycling receptors [13].
• The results suggest that this current is involved in repolarization of the action potential and consequently may regulate Ca2+ entry into the neurone during spike activity [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of calcium

• BACKGROUND/AIMS: Calcium- and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated Cl- secretions in the human colon are abnormal in cystic fibrosis, but the effect of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) is unknown [15].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Calcium phosphate binds unconjugated bilirubin in vitro, and dietary calcium phosphate supplementation reduces the serum bilirubin level in rats with hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gunn rats) [16].
• To test the hypothesis that iPTH levels can remain elevated even in the presence of hypercalcemia in lactation, a diet containing 1.2% Ca and 0.4% phosphorus (P) was fed to lactating rats in three experiments (A, B, and C) to achieve serum ionized calcium (ICa) levels approximately 10% above levels for nonmated (NM) controls [17].
• Although the bone resorption inhibitor aminopropylidene diphosphonate fully corrected urinary Ca excretion and reduced plasma Ca from 3.04 +/- 0.07 to 2.44 +/- 0.21 mM (p less than 0.05), this latter value remained considerably higher than in TPTX control rats (1.54 +/- 0.12 mM, p less than 0.01) [18].
• Use of Tobramycin-Impregnated Calcium Sulphate Pellets in Addition to Oral Antibiotics: An alternative treatment to minor amputation in a case of diabetic foot osteomyelitis [19].

Biological context of calcium

• Signal transduction. Calcium channels--link locally, act globally [20].
• CONCLUSIONS: Calcium supplementation may lead to a small reduction in systolic but not diastolic blood pressure [21].
• Correlates of aldosterone-induced increases in Cai2+ and Isc suggest that Cai2+ is the second messenger for stimulation of apical membrane conductance [22].
• These results indicate that mitochondria modulate secretion by controlling the availability of Ca2+ for exocytosis [23].
• BACKGROUND: Calcium-channel blockers can alter apoptosis, a mechanism for destruction of cancer cells [24].

Anatomical context of calcium

• The coupling mechanism between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium ion (Ca2+) stores and plasma membrane (PM) store-operated channels (SOCs) is crucial to Ca2+ signaling but has eluded detection [25].
• Thus targeted to CD4, the gp120-specific antibody functions as an antibody to CD4; it cross-links and modulates the CD4 molecules and suppresses the activation of T cells as measured by mobilization of intracellular calcium (Ca2i+) [26].
• This directly correlates with decreased FcgammaRIIB-mediated suppression of B cell receptor-induced calcium (Ca2+) response in those B cells [27].
• (b) Calcium influx into inverted plasma membrane vesicles from uremic rats via the ATP-dependent calcium transport mechanism is increased when compared with normal [28].
• Expression of dihydropyridine receptor (Ca2+ channel) and calsequestrin genes in the myocardium of patients with end-stage heart failure [29].

Associations of calcium with other chemical compounds

• Here, by using mitochondrially targeted aequorin proteins with different Ca2+ affinities, we show that half of the chromaffin-cell mitochondria exhibit surprisingly rapid millimolar Ca2+ transients upon stimulation of cells with acetylcholine, caffeine or high concentrations of potassium ions [23].
• Gentamicin blockade of slow Ca++ channels in atrial myocardium of guinea pigs [30].
• In Calcium Green-5N-loaded trp mutants, which lack a large fraction of the Ca2+ permeability underlying the light-evoked inward current, the Ca2+ signal was smaller relative to wild-type photoreceptors [31].
• NUCLEOPORIN85 Is Required for Calcium Spiking, Fungal and Bacterial Symbioses, and Seed Production in Lotus japonicus [32].
• To test in the intact cell whether the rise of [Ca2+]i precedes activation of the K+ conductance (as expected if Ca2+ is the intracellular messenger mediating this response), [Ca2+]i and membrane voltage were measured simultaneously in carbachol-stimulated rat parotid acinar cells by using fura-2 and an intracellular microelectrode [33].

Gene context of calcium

• Finally, peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining demonstrated that HCLs are induced by TPA/Ca2+, but not by SAC, to produce intracytoplasmic IL-6 [34].
• In contrast, the fourth patient, a nonresponder to SAC or TPA/Ca2+, demonstrated increased DNA synthesis at day 3 when cocultured with IL-4 and IL-5 [34].
• CT in the presence of PTH transiently inhibited the release of Ca up to 24--48 h after its addition [35].
• Over the 10-100 nM concentration range SRIF also reduced voltage-dependent Ca2+ current [36].
• The effects of the mutation on free CaM are minor: Calcium binding, and overall secondary and tertiary structure are indistinguishable from those of wild type [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of calcium

• We have studied spatial Ca2+ distribution in hair cells filled with the low affinity fluorescent indicator Calcium Green 5N using real-time confocal microscopy and whole-cell recording [38].
• CONCLUSIONS: Calcium supplementation does not decrease rectal mucosal proliferation, as measured by PCNA (and BrdU) immunohistochemistry, in patients with previous large-bowel adenomas [39].
• CONCLUSIONS: Calcium-activated tissue transglutaminase autoantibody ELISA is highly accurate in detecting untreated celiac disease [40].
• In the absence of global increases in calcium, confocal microscopy using Calcium Green-1 dextran indicator dye revealed localized calcium transients in the perinuclear region [41].
• To investigate the effect of aging on myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury, cytosolic calcium (Ca2+), intracellular pH (pHi), and mechanical performance were measured in isolated perfused rabbit hearts [42].

References