Disease relevance of ISETHIONIC ACID

• Substitution of 96% of the Cl- in the medium with isethionate did not prevent the toxicity of either agonist [1].
• Putative Desulfovibrio sp. strain RZACYSA, with lactate as the electron donor, utilized sulfate, aminomethanesulfonate, taurine, isethionate, and cysteate, converting the latter to ammonia, acetate, and sulfide [2].
• Isethionate (2-hydroxyethanesulfonate) reduction by Desulfitobacterium hafniense resulted in acetate as well as sulfide accumulation in accordance with the expectation that the carbon portion of isethionate was oxidized to acetate and the sulfur was reduced to sulfide [3].
• Antitumor drug cross-resistance in vivo in a murine P388 leukemia resistant to ethyl 5-amino-1,2-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phenylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-7 - ylcarbamate 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate hydrate (NSC 370,147) 370147 [4].
• Growth of the alpha-proteobacterium Paracoccus denitrificans NKNIS with taurine or isethionate as sole source of carbon involves sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (Xsc), which is presumably encoded by an xsc gene in subgroup 3, none of whose gene products has been characterized [5].

Psychiatry related information on ISETHIONIC ACID

• Ten minutes following an (i.p.) simultaneous administration of ethanol (0.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 g/kg) and isethionic acid (0.0, 22.5, 45.0, 90.0, 180.0 mg/kg), mice were placed in the open-field chambers and locomotor activity was measured during a ten-minute testing period [6].

High impact information on ISETHIONIC ACID

• Since Li+ and NO3- are more permeable, and choline and isethionate are less permeable than Na+ and Cl-, respectively, these results suggest that the BADF is dependent on the permeability of the substituting cations and anions and thus support the hypothesis that solvent drag and diffusion play an important role in BADF [7].
• These studies demonstrate that exchange of medium chloride with isethionate inhibits the synthesis of prolactin at the level of transcription [8].
• Exchange of medium chloride with benzoate or isethionate significantly inhibited the stimulated release of prolactin (IC50 at approximately 60 mM exchange) regardless of the secretagogue utilized (phorbol ester, forskolin, depolarization plus BAY K8644, or TRH) [9].
• These results suggest that exchange of chloride with isethionate is inhibiting the synthesis of prolactin [8].
• Both basal and hormone-stimulated synthesis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase driven by the prolactin promoter was inhibited by isethionate exchange [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of ISETHIONIC ACID

• Symptoms of ocular discomfort and clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis resolved after five weeks of treatment that included systemic albendazole and topical propamidine isethionate 0.1% and fumagillin bicyclohexylammonium salt [10].
• We have previously cloned a 3.5 kb fragment from the Staphylococcus aureus multiresistance plasmid pSK1 which carries the qacA determinant responsible for linked resistance to acriflavine (Acr), ethidium bromide (Ebr), quaternary ammonium compounds (Qar), propamidine isethionate (Pir), and diamidinodiphenylamine dihydrochloride (Ddr) [11].

Biological context of ISETHIONIC ACID

• When ATP was added to chromaffin ghosts suspended in a medium in which chloride was substituted by isethionate, a transmembrane potential, inside positive, of 45 mV and no transmembrane proton gradient, was measured [12].
• Increasing the internal Cl- concentration reduces isethionate block without affecting its voltage dependence, suggesting that Cl- and isethionate compete for a binding site in the pore [13].
• Isethionate blocks the channel from the cytoplasmic side with fast kinetics, but has no measurable effect when applied extracellularly [13].
• Replacement of Cl- with Br- had no significant effect on salivary secretion rate, but replacement with the other anions tested caused secretory rate to fall, by 38% (I-), 50% (NO3-), 61% (isethionate, ise -), and 66% ( CH3SO4 -), respectively [14].
• GES, beta-alanine, and isethionic acid had a significant effect on cell count, protein content, and incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA [15].

Anatomical context of ISETHIONIC ACID

• However, only catecholamine secretion was effectively inhibited by the presence in the medium of isethionate, an impermeant ion that inhibits catecholamine secretion from isolated chromaffin granules [16].
• We describe the cerebroprotective effect of lamotrigine (as the isethionate salt) after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats [17].
• Replacement of bath Cl- with isethionate caused a 28-mV hyperpolarization in SO4(2-)-loaded oocytes expressing E699Q, but had no effect on oocytes expressing wt AE1 [18].
• When Cl was replaced by isethionate, a small hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cell membrane ensued along with a comparable small reduction of the i.j.p. amplitude [19].
• METHODS: Isometric tension development was measured using guinea pig papillary muscles during replacement of superfusate Cl- with isethionate ions [20].

Associations of ISETHIONIC ACID with other chemical compounds

• The voltage dependence and external Cl- concentration dependence of isethionate block are nearly identical to those of glibenclamide block, suggesting that these two blockers may bind to a common binding site, an idea further supported by kinetic studies of blocking with glibenclamide/isethionate mixtures [13].
• For glycine, deviations from Nernstian dependence were observed, but the permeability to Cl- was at least 20 times greater than to isethionate, SO4(2-), or monovalent cations (Na+ and Cs+) [21].
• Replacement of external Cl- with Br-, isethionate, methanesulphonate or glutamate did not alter current kinetics as obtained during or after a depolarizing voltage jump.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)[22]
• Immunosuppression by hydroxystilbamidine isethionate, a lysosome-stabilizing, anti-proteolytic, antifungal drug [23].
• Acetate and propionate but not isethionate, methylsulphate and glucuronate, caused an increase in intracellular pH and a marked increase in spontaneous ACh release [24].

Gene context of ISETHIONIC ACID

• The antiprotozoal drug stilbamidine isethionate was identified as active in this screen, but biochemical characterization revealed that this compound did not inhibit ODC [25].
• Both basal and hormone-stimulated levels of prolactin mRNA were reduced 70 to 90% by isethionate exchange, while actin mRNA levels did not change [8].
• To test this possibility, we examined the effects of isethionate-replaced low Cl(-) medium on the Abeta-induced enhancement of glutamate neurotoxicity in the primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons [26].
• The selectivity sequence of Ga,Cl was SCN- > I- > NO3- > Br- > Cl- >> isethionate (ISE-), but SCN- and I- partially blocked it, which is analogous to observations of CFTR Cl- channels [27].
• They contained 27-kb plasmids encoding resistance to cadmium acetate, mercuric chloride, propamidine isethionate and ethidium bromide similar to plasmids isolated in MRSA from South East Asia. Molecular typing of these isolates will clarify their relationship to MRSA from South East Asia [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ISETHIONIC ACID

• The increase in stores was not affected by substituting isethionate for all but 8 mM-Cl in the perfusion fluids [29].
• Determination of isethionic acid by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection [30].
• The effects of cryotherapy and antibiotics (paromomycin, neomycin, or propamidine isethionate) on the viability of Acanthamoeba polyphaga and Acanthamoeba castellani cysts were studied in vitro [31].
• Clinical Trials. Referral resource Clinical trials using CI-980 (mivobulin isethionate) [32].

References