Disease relevance of Pbsn

• The incidence of endotoxemia 24 hr after CCl4 as detected by lead acetate enhancement was also reduced by PB pretreatment [1].
• Prostate carcinomas developing in transgenic rats with SV40 T antigen expression under probasin promoter control are strictly androgen dependent [2].
• Polymyxin B (PB), a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic, has potent antiendotoxin properties but is associated with significant toxicity when given parenterally [3].
• In castrated animals, a single, low, environmentally relevant dose of cadmium (20 microg/kg body weight) increased the wet weight of the prostate (1.97- to 3-fold) and the seminal vesicle complex (approximately 1.5-fold) and increased the expression of the androgen-regulated gene, probasin (27-fold) [4].
• In the adenocarcinoma, signals of probasin but not PSP94 and SVSII were detected [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pbsn

• Bilateral administration of the galanin antagonist M40 (1.0 nmole/0.2 microl) into BSTL immediately prior to stress exposure attenuated the anxiogenic-like effects of immobilization stress, restoring both social interaction time and exploration of open arms to control levels [6].

High impact information on Pbsn

• C7 and M40 (1 microM) alone significantly stimulated glucose-induced insulin secretion [7].
• In groups of rats pretreated with either PB, gentamicin, or diluent, the LD100 of an oral dose of CCl4 was reduced by PB to an LD50, but the gentamicin pretreatment was without effect [1].
• The antibiotic polymyxin B (PB) has unique antiendotoxin properties not shared by gentamicin sulfate, an antibiotic with a similar antibacterial spectrum [1].
• Furthermore, a galanin receptor antagonist, M40, attenuated the antidepressant-like effect of FLX in the forced swim test, a rodent preclinical screen commonly used to evaluate antidepressant-like efficacy [8].
• Receptor autoradiographic studies show that M40 (1 microM) displaces [mono[125I]iodo-Tyr26]galanin from binding sites in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and spinal cord [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pbsn

• These results indicate that the blood glucose-lowering effect of PB diet may be derived from the properties of PB involving substantially higher content of dietary fiber than WR, and that the potential benefit of intake of PR instead of WR in the prevention of diabetic vascular complications [10].
• In this study, modifying effects of dietary feeding of 500 and 1000 p.p.m. atrazine on the development of androgen-dependent prostate cancer were investigated using male probasin/SV40 T antigen transgenic (TG) rats [11].
• The aim of this paper is to elucidate the cause of death after 90 min of normothermic partial (2/3) ischemia of the liver and to examine the effects of glucagon, somatostatin, insulin, prednisolone and oral administration of polymyxin B (PB) [12].

Biological context of Pbsn

• Pbsn, a prostate-specific gene on chromosome X, was controlled by a QTL on chromosome 8 [13].
• Later we demonstrated that a large (L) fragment (-10806 to +28 bp, LPB) of the PB promoter would target high levels of gene expression to the prostate in transgenic mice [14].
• These results suggested that optimal transcription of the PB gene depended on the presence of enhancer regions upstream of the proximal promoter [14].
• However, the serum level of testosterone, and expression of the transgene, probasin, and the androgen receptor did not correlate with the strain variation in tumor development [15].
• The PB promoter creates a model that contains six AR binding sites that function in a cooperative manner for maximum androgen-regulated prostate-specific gene transcription [14].

Anatomical context of Pbsn

• In vivo, probasin appears both in the secretions and in the nucleus of prostatic epithelial cells [16].
• Effects of genetic background on prostate and taste bud carcinogenesis due to SV40 T antigen expression under probasin gene promoter control [15].
• M40 injected alone, however, does not improve DNMTP choice accuracy deficits in rats with selective cholinergic immunotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain [17].
• Ventral lobe mRNA was hybridized with a prostate binding protein (PBP) cDNA probe, while lateral and dorsal mRNA were hybridized with RWB (seminal vesicle secretory protein or SVS-II), probasin, and DP1 cDNA probes [18].
• Glucocorticoids were incapable of increasing the induction of the pCAT PB -278/+52 reporter construct compared with that of pCAT PB -244/+52 in the prostatic cell line LNCaP, suggesting that the putative prostate-specific protein acts as an inducer only when androgen and androgen receptor are present [19].

Associations of Pbsn with chemical compounds

• Two nonconventional androgen receptor binding sites (ARBSs), ARBS-3 and ARBS-4, in an upstream androgen-dependent enhancer of the PB gene were identified [14].
• In addition, alignment of the deduced amino acids determined that the probasin gene also contains the glycine-X-tryptophan (G-X-W) motif similar to that of human retinol serum binding protein which binds retinol, and the C-X-X-X-C motif also found in insect lipocalins that bind pheromones [20].
• These results show that PRB-RA/cystathionase is neither structurally nor functionally related to probasin except for a common epitope and that cystathionase, a cystein-producing enzyme, is localized in urinary tubular epithelial cells in a highly restricted region of the kidney in addition to in liver parenchymal cells [21].
• Inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis in probasin/SV40 T antigen transgenic rats by raloxifene, an antiestrogen with anti-androgen action, but not nimesulide, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor [22].
• We observed that the mRNA transcripts of both PSP94 and probasin were increased after treatments with DHT, DEX, and MPA, suggesting that these two proteins could also be regulated by glucocorticoid and progestin [23].

Other interactions of Pbsn

• Rodent PSP94 gene expression is more specific to the dorsolateral prostate and less sensitive to androgen ablation than probasin [24].
• A comparative study of hormonal regulation of three secretory proteins (prostatic secretory protein-PSP94, probasin, and seminal vesicle secretion II) in rat lateral prostate [23].
• Using Northern blot analysis and quantitation of prostatic mRNAs, we have shown that Prl significantly increases the steady-state levels of transcripts coding for several lobe-specific proteins: the C3 subunit of prostatein, probasin, and RWB [25].
• Dorsal protein-1 and probasin expressions of epithelial cells in this coculture system were the same as in rat prostate in vivo [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pbsn

• Using primer extension and S1 nuclease protection assays we detected only one probasin mRNA [16].
• A synthetic peptide, TYFRRI, corresponding to one of the candidates, neutralized the reactivity of the anti-probasin monoclonal antibody to both probasin and PRB-RA on Western blot analysis [21].
• Their mRNA levels dropped in response to duration of castration in the following decreasing order: SVSII, PSP94, and probasin [23].
• The results of in situ hybridization showed that PSP94, probasin, and SVSII were highly expressed in the intact LP [23].
• On Northern blots, DP1 message significantly declined, probasin mRNA was modestly suppressed, and RWB expression was significantly elevated compared to those in control tissue [18].

References